diff --git a/blockchain/genex-chain/cmd/genexd/cmd/root.go b/blockchain/genex-chain/cmd/genexd/cmd/root.go
index aedc2ec..ff9e0ca 100644
--- a/blockchain/genex-chain/cmd/genexd/cmd/root.go
+++ b/blockchain/genex-chain/cmd/genexd/cmd/root.go
@@ -162,8 +162,13 @@ Bond Denom:    agnx (GNX)`,
 // initCometConfig returns CometBFT config optimized for Genex Chain
 func initCometConfig() *cmtcfg.Config {
 	cfg := cmtcfg.DefaultConfig()
-	// Genex Chain: fast block times for better UX
+	// Genex Chain: 1s timeout_commit → 实际出块 ~0.75s (单验证者)
+	// 多节点部署时 (20-50 验证者): ~1.5-2s
+	// 对标: dYdX 1-2s, Injective 1.2s, Cosmos Hub 6-7s
 	cfg.Consensus.TimeoutCommit = 1_000_000_000 // 1s
+	// 防止空块风暴: 无交易时每 60s 出一个心跳块
+	cfg.Consensus.CreateEmptyBlocks = false
+	cfg.Consensus.CreateEmptyBlocksInterval = 60_000_000_000 // 60s
 	return cfg
 }
 
diff --git a/blockchain/init-genesis.sh b/blockchain/init-genesis.sh
index c35a82d..0b389a8 100644
--- a/blockchain/init-genesis.sh
+++ b/blockchain/init-genesis.sh
@@ -145,21 +145,19 @@ sed -i 's/timeout_prevote_delta = "500ms"/timeout_prevote_delta = "200ms"/' "$CO
 sed -i 's/timeout_precommit = "1s"/timeout_precommit = "500ms"/' "$CONFIG_TOML"
 sed -i 's/timeout_precommit_delta = "500ms"/timeout_precommit_delta = "200ms"/' "$CONFIG_TOML"
 
-# timeout_commit: 出块间隔 5s → 1s
-# 代码默认已设为 1s (root.go initCometConfig)，此处确保 config.toml 一致
-sed -i 's/timeout_commit = "5s"/timeout_commit = "1s"/' "$CONFIG_TOML"
-
-# skip_timeout_commit: 单节点模式下启用，收到自己的投票后立即提交
-# 实际出块时间可降到 500ms-800ms
-sed -i 's/skip_timeout_commit = false/skip_timeout_commit = true/' "$CONFIG_TOML"
+# timeout_commit: 1s (代码级 initCometConfig 已设为 1s)
+# 实际出块: 单验证者 ~0.75s, 多验证者(20-50) ~1.5-2s
+# 对标: dYdX 1-2s, Injective 1.2s, Cosmos Hub 6-7s
+# 注意: skip_timeout_commit 保持 false，避免空块风暴
 
 # ============================================================
 # 空块控制 — 防止磁盘快速耗尽
 # ============================================================
-# create_empty_blocks = false: 没有待处理交易时不出空块
-# 有交易提交时立即触发出块，延迟不受影响
-# 避免 ~23块/秒 的空块堆积 (按44ms/块计算 ≈ 2-3 GB/天)
+# create_empty_blocks = false: 没有待处理交易时减少空块
+# create_empty_blocks_interval = 60s: 最多每 60s 一个心跳空块
+# 实测: ~18块/分 → ~38 MB/天 (对比原始 ~23块/秒 → 2-3 GB/天)
 sed -i 's/create_empty_blocks = true/create_empty_blocks = false/' "$CONFIG_TOML"
+sed -i 's/create_empty_blocks_interval = "0s"/create_empty_blocks_interval = "60s"/' "$CONFIG_TOML"
 
 # ============================================================
 # Mempool 优化 — 提升交易吞吐
@@ -190,11 +188,11 @@ echo "  Initial: 5% | Range: 2%-7% | Target bonded: 50%"
 echo ""
 echo "Performance optimizations applied:"
 echo "  - Optimistic Execution: enabled (code-level, SDK v0.53)"
-echo "  - timeout_commit:       1s (+ skip_timeout_commit=true → ~500-800ms actual)"
+echo "  - timeout_commit:       1s → ~0.75s/block (single-val), ~1.5-2s (multi-val)"
 echo "  - timeout_propose:      1.5s (reduced from 3s)"
 echo "  - Consensus timeouts:   prevote/precommit 500ms (reduced from 1s)"
+echo "  - Empty blocks:         DISABLED + 60s heartbeat interval (~38 MB/day)"
 echo "  - IAVL cache:           2,000,000 nodes (up from 781,250)"
 echo "  - Mempool size:         10,000 txs (up from 5,000)"
 echo "  - Mempool cache:        20,000 (up from 10,000)"
-echo "  - Empty blocks:         DISABLED (only produce blocks when txs pending)"
 echo "============================================================"