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2025-11-29 19:22:42 -08:00 · 2025-11-29 19:22:42 -08:00 · 083db83c96
parent f4a3a6dd1c
commit 083db83c96
31 changed files with 4666 additions and 108 deletions
--- a/.claude/settings.local.json
+++ b/.claude/settings.local.json
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+{
+  "permissions": {
+    "allow": [
+      "Bash(dir:*)",
+      "Bash(tree:*)",
+      "Bash(find:*)",
+      "Bash(ls -la \"c:\\Users\\dong\\Desktop\\rwadurian\\backend\\services\"\" 2>/dev/null || dir \"c:UsersdongDesktoprwadurianbackendservices\"\")"
+    ],
+    "deny": [],
+    "ask": []
+  }
+}
--- a/backend/services/backup-service/IMPLEMENTATION_GUIDE.md
+++ b/backend/services/backup-service/IMPLEMENTATION_GUIDE.md
@ -0,0 +1,901 @@
+# Backup Service 实施指导
+
+## 1. 概述
+
+### 1.1 服务定位
+
+`backup-service` 是 RWA Durian 平台的 MPC 备份分片存储服务，负责安全存储用户的 Backup Share (Party 2)。
+
+**核心职责：**
+- 安全存储 MPC 2-of-3 的第三个分片 (Backup Share)
+- 提供分片的存取 API
+- 支持用户账户恢复时的分片验证和获取
+- 审计日志记录
+
+### 1.2 安全要求
+
+**关键安全原则：必须部署在与 identity-service 不同的物理服务器上！**
+
+```
+┌──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
+│                    MPC 分片物理隔离架构                           │
+├──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
+│                                                                  │
+│  物理服务器 A              物理服务器 B           用户设备        │
+│  ┌─────────────────┐      ┌─────────────────┐   ┌────────────┐  │
+│  │identity-service │      │ backup-service  │   │Flutter App │  │
+│  │Server Share (0) │      │Backup Share (2) │   │Client (1)  │  │
+│  └─────────────────┘      └─────────────────┘   └────────────┘  │
+│                                                                  │
+│  任意单点被攻破，攻击者只能获得 1 个分片，无法重建私钥            │
+└──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
+```
+
+如果 Server Share 和 Backup Share 在同一台物理服务器，攻击者攻破该服务器后可获得 2 个分片，直接重建私钥，**MPC 安全性完全失效**！
+
+### 1.3 技术栈
+
+与 identity-service 保持一致：
+- **框架**: NestJS 10.x
+- **语言**: TypeScript 5.x
+- **数据库**: PostgreSQL 15+ (独立数据库实例)
+- **ORM**: Prisma 5.x
+- **缓存**: Redis (可选)
+- **消息队列**: Kafka (可选，用于接收 identity-service 的事件)
+
+---
+
+## 2. 目录结构
+
+参考 identity-service 的 DDD + Hexagonal 架构：
+
+```
+backup-service/
+├── prisma/
+│   ├── schema.prisma              # 数据库模型
+│   └── migrations/                # 数据库迁移
+├── src/
+│   ├── api/                       # 接口层 (Adapters - Driving)
+│   │   ├── controllers/
+│   │   │   └── backup-share.controller.ts
+│   │   ├── dto/
+│   │   │   ├── request/
+│   │   │   │   ├── store-share.dto.ts
+│   │   │   │   └── retrieve-share.dto.ts
+│   │   │   └── response/
+│   │   │       └── share-info.dto.ts
+│   │   └── api.module.ts
+│   │
+│   ├── application/               # 应用层 (Use Cases)
+│   │   ├── commands/
+│   │   │   ├── store-backup-share/
+│   │   │   │   ├── store-backup-share.command.ts
+│   │   │   │   └── store-backup-share.handler.ts
+│   │   │   └── revoke-share/
+│   │   │       ├── revoke-share.command.ts
+│   │   │       └── revoke-share.handler.ts
+│   │   ├── queries/
+│   │   │   └── get-backup-share/
+│   │   │       ├── get-backup-share.query.ts
+│   │   │       └── get-backup-share.handler.ts
+│   │   ├── services/
+│   │   │   └── backup-share-application.service.ts
+│   │   └── application.module.ts
+│   │
+│   ├── domain/                    # 领域层 (Core Business Logic)
+│   │   ├── entities/
+│   │   │   └── backup-share.entity.ts
+│   │   ├── repositories/
+│   │   │   └── backup-share.repository.interface.ts
+│   │   ├── services/
+│   │   │   └── share-encryption.domain-service.ts
+│   │   ├── value-objects/
+│   │   │   ├── share-id.vo.ts
+│   │   │   └── encrypted-data.vo.ts
+│   │   └── domain.module.ts
+│   │
+│   ├── infrastructure/            # 基础设施层 (Adapters - Driven)
+│   │   ├── persistence/
+│   │   │   ├── prisma/
+│   │   │   │   └── prisma.service.ts
+│   │   │   └── repositories/
+│   │   │       └── backup-share.repository.impl.ts
+│   │   ├── crypto/
+│   │   │   └── aes-encryption.service.ts
+│   │   └── infrastructure.module.ts
+│   │
+│   ├── shared/                    # 共享模块
+│   │   ├── guards/
+│   │   │   └── service-auth.guard.ts  # 服务间认证
+│   │   ├── filters/
+│   │   │   └── global-exception.filter.ts
+│   │   └── interceptors/
+│   │       └── audit-log.interceptor.ts
+│   │
+│   ├── config/
+│   │   └── index.ts
+│   ├── app.module.ts
+│   └── main.ts
+│
+├── test/
+│   ├── unit/
+│   └── e2e/
+│       └── backup-share.e2e-spec.ts
+│
+├── .env.example
+├── .env.development
+├── package.json
+├── tsconfig.json
+├── nest-cli.json
+└── Dockerfile
+```
+
+---
+
+## 3. 数据库设计
+
+### 3.1 Prisma Schema
+
+```prisma
+// prisma/schema.prisma
+
+generator client {
+  provider = "prisma-client-js"
+}
+
+datasource db {
+  provider = "postgresql"
+  url      = env("DATABASE_URL")
+}
+
+// 备份分片存储
+model BackupShare {
+  shareId           BigInt   @id @default(autoincrement()) @map("share_id")
+
+  // 用户标识 (来自 identity-service)
+  userId            BigInt   @unique @map("user_id")
+  accountSequence   BigInt   @unique @map("account_sequence")
+
+  // MPC 密钥信息
+  publicKey         String   @unique @map("public_key") @db.VarChar(130)
+  partyIndex        Int      @default(2) @map("party_index")  // Backup = Party 2
+  threshold         Int      @default(2)
+  totalParties      Int      @default(3) @map("total_parties")
+
+  // 加密的分片数据 (AES-256-GCM 加密)
+  encryptedShareData String  @map("encrypted_share_data") @db.Text
+  encryptionKeyId    String  @map("encryption_key_id") @db.VarChar(64)  // 密钥轮换支持
+
+  // 状态管理
+  status            String   @default("ACTIVE") @db.VarChar(20)  // ACTIVE, REVOKED, ROTATED
+
+  // 访问控制
+  accessCount       Int      @default(0) @map("access_count")  // 访问次数限制
+  lastAccessedAt    DateTime? @map("last_accessed_at")
+
+  // 时间戳
+  createdAt         DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+  updatedAt         DateTime @updatedAt @map("updated_at")
+  revokedAt         DateTime? @map("revoked_at")
+
+  // 索引
+  @@index([publicKey], name: "idx_backup_public_key")
+  @@index([status], name: "idx_backup_status")
+  @@index([createdAt], name: "idx_backup_created")
+  @@map("backup_shares")
+}
+
+// 访问审计日志
+model ShareAccessLog {
+  logId             BigInt   @id @default(autoincrement()) @map("log_id")
+
+  shareId           BigInt   @map("share_id")
+  userId            BigInt   @map("user_id")
+
+  action            String   @db.VarChar(20)  // STORE, RETRIEVE, REVOKE, ROTATE
+  sourceService     String   @map("source_service") @db.VarChar(50)  // identity-service, recovery-service
+  sourceIp          String   @map("source_ip") @db.VarChar(45)
+
+  success           Boolean  @default(true)
+  errorMessage      String?  @map("error_message") @db.Text
+
+  createdAt         DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+
+  @@index([shareId], name: "idx_log_share")
+  @@index([userId], name: "idx_log_user")
+  @@index([action], name: "idx_log_action")
+  @@index([createdAt], name: "idx_log_created")
+  @@map("share_access_logs")
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 4. API 设计
+
+### 4.1 存储备份分片
+
+**POST /backup-share/store**
+
+由 identity-service 在创建账户时调用。
+
+```typescript
+// Request DTO
+class StoreBackupShareDto {
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  userId: string;           // identity-service 的用户ID
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  accountSequence: number;  // 账户序列号
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  publicKey: string;        // MPC 公钥
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  encryptedShareData: string;  // 已加密的分片数据
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  threshold?: number;       // 默认 2
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  totalParties?: number;    // 默认 3
+}
+
+// Response
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "shareId": "123",
+  "message": "Backup share stored successfully"
+}
+```
+
+### 4.2 获取备份分片
+
+**POST /backup-share/retrieve**
+
+用于账户恢复场景，需要额外的身份验证。
+
+```typescript
+// Request DTO
+class RetrieveBackupShareDto {
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  userId: string;
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  publicKey: string;
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  recoveryToken: string;    // 恢复令牌 (由 identity-service 签发)
+
+  @IsOptional()
+  deviceId?: string;        // 新设备ID
+}
+
+// Response
+{
+  "success": true,
+  "encryptedShareData": "...",
+  "partyIndex": 2,
+  "publicKey": "..."
+}
+```
+
+### 4.3 撤销分片
+
+**POST /backup-share/revoke**
+
+用于密钥轮换或账户注销。
+
+```typescript
+// Request DTO
+class RevokeShareDto {
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  userId: string;
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  publicKey: string;
+
+  @IsNotEmpty()
+  reason: string;           // ROTATION, ACCOUNT_CLOSED, SECURITY_BREACH
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 5. 服务间认证
+
+### 5.1 认证机制
+
+backup-service 不对外公开，只接受来自内部服务的请求。使用 **服务间 JWT** 或 **mTLS** 进行认证。
+
+```typescript
+// src/shared/guards/service-auth.guard.ts
+
+import { Injectable, CanActivate, ExecutionContext, UnauthorizedException } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import * as jwt from 'jsonwebtoken';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class ServiceAuthGuard implements CanActivate {
+  constructor(private configService: ConfigService) {}
+
+  canActivate(context: ExecutionContext): boolean {
+    const request = context.switchToHttp().getRequest();
+    const serviceToken = request.headers['x-service-token'];
+
+    if (!serviceToken) {
+      throw new UnauthorizedException('Missing service token');
+    }
+
+    try {
+      const secret = this.configService.get<string>('SERVICE_JWT_SECRET');
+      const payload = jwt.verify(serviceToken, secret) as { service: string };
+
+      // 只允许特定服务访问
+      const allowedServices = ['identity-service', 'recovery-service'];
+      if (!allowedServices.includes(payload.service)) {
+        throw new UnauthorizedException('Service not authorized');
+      }
+
+      request.sourceService = payload.service;
+      return true;
+    } catch (error) {
+      throw new UnauthorizedException('Invalid service token');
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 5.2 identity-service 调用示例
+
+在 identity-service 中添加调用 backup-service 的客户端：
+
+```typescript
+// identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/backup/backup-client.service.ts
+
+@Injectable()
+export class BackupClientService {
+  private readonly backupServiceUrl: string;
+  private readonly serviceToken: string;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly httpService: HttpService,
+    private readonly configService: ConfigService,
+  ) {
+    this.backupServiceUrl = this.configService.get('BACKUP_SERVICE_URL');
+    this.serviceToken = this.generateServiceToken();
+  }
+
+  async storeBackupShare(params: {
+    userId: string;
+    accountSequence: number;
+    publicKey: string;
+    encryptedShareData: string;
+  }): Promise<void> {
+    await firstValueFrom(
+      this.httpService.post(
+        `${this.backupServiceUrl}/backup-share/store`,
+        params,
+        {
+          headers: {
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'X-Service-Token': this.serviceToken,
+          },
+        },
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
+  private generateServiceToken(): string {
+    const secret = this.configService.get<string>('SERVICE_JWT_SECRET');
+    return jwt.sign(
+      { service: 'identity-service', iat: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000) },
+      secret,
+      { expiresIn: '1h' },
+    );
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 6. 核心实现
+
+### 6.1 领域实体
+
+```typescript
+// src/domain/entities/backup-share.entity.ts
+
+export class BackupShare {
+  private constructor(
+    private readonly _shareId: bigint | null,
+    private readonly _userId: bigint,
+    private readonly _accountSequence: bigint,
+    private readonly _publicKey: string,
+    private readonly _partyIndex: number,
+    private readonly _threshold: number,
+    private readonly _totalParties: number,
+    private _encryptedShareData: string,
+    private _encryptionKeyId: string,
+    private _status: BackupShareStatus,
+    private _accessCount: number,
+    private readonly _createdAt: Date,
+  ) {}
+
+  static create(params: {
+    userId: bigint;
+    accountSequence: bigint;
+    publicKey: string;
+    encryptedShareData: string;
+    encryptionKeyId: string;
+  }): BackupShare {
+    return new BackupShare(
+      null,
+      params.userId,
+      params.accountSequence,
+      params.publicKey,
+      2, // Backup = Party 2
+      2, // threshold
+      3, // totalParties
+      params.encryptedShareData,
+      params.encryptionKeyId,
+      BackupShareStatus.ACTIVE,
+      0,
+      new Date(),
+    );
+  }
+
+  recordAccess(): void {
+    if (this._status !== BackupShareStatus.ACTIVE) {
+      throw new DomainError('Cannot access revoked share');
+    }
+    this._accessCount++;
+  }
+
+  revoke(reason: string): void {
+    if (this._status === BackupShareStatus.REVOKED) {
+      throw new DomainError('Share already revoked');
+    }
+    this._status = BackupShareStatus.REVOKED;
+  }
+
+  rotate(newEncryptedData: string, newKeyId: string): void {
+    this._encryptedShareData = newEncryptedData;
+    this._encryptionKeyId = newKeyId;
+    this._status = BackupShareStatus.ACTIVE;
+  }
+
+  // Getters...
+  get shareId(): bigint | null { return this._shareId; }
+  get userId(): bigint { return this._userId; }
+  get publicKey(): string { return this._publicKey; }
+  get encryptedShareData(): string { return this._encryptedShareData; }
+  get status(): BackupShareStatus { return this._status; }
+  get accessCount(): number { return this._accessCount; }
+}
+
+export enum BackupShareStatus {
+  ACTIVE = 'ACTIVE',
+  REVOKED = 'REVOKED',
+  ROTATED = 'ROTATED',
+}
+```
+
+### 6.2 应用服务
+
+```typescript
+// src/application/services/backup-share-application.service.ts
+
+@Injectable()
+export class BackupShareApplicationService {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(BackupShareApplicationService.name);
+
+  constructor(
+    @Inject(BACKUP_SHARE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly repository: BackupShareRepository,
+    private readonly encryptionService: AesEncryptionService,
+    private readonly auditService: AuditLogService,
+  ) {}
+
+  async storeBackupShare(command: StoreBackupShareCommand): Promise<string> {
+    this.logger.log(`Storing backup share for user: ${command.userId}`);
+
+    // 检查是否已存在
+    const existing = await this.repository.findByUserId(BigInt(command.userId));
+    if (existing) {
+      throw new ApplicationError('Backup share already exists for this user');
+    }
+
+    // 二次加密 (identity-service 已加密一次，这里再加密一次)
+    const { encrypted, keyId } = await this.encryptionService.encrypt(
+      command.encryptedShareData,
+    );
+
+    // 创建实体
+    const share = BackupShare.create({
+      userId: BigInt(command.userId),
+      accountSequence: BigInt(command.accountSequence),
+      publicKey: command.publicKey,
+      encryptedShareData: encrypted,
+      encryptionKeyId: keyId,
+    });
+
+    // 保存
+    const saved = await this.repository.save(share);
+
+    // 记录审计日志
+    await this.auditService.log({
+      shareId: saved.shareId!,
+      userId: BigInt(command.userId),
+      action: 'STORE',
+      sourceService: command.sourceService,
+      sourceIp: command.sourceIp,
+      success: true,
+    });
+
+    this.logger.log(`Backup share stored: shareId=${saved.shareId}`);
+    return saved.shareId!.toString();
+  }
+
+  async retrieveBackupShare(query: GetBackupShareQuery): Promise<BackupShareDto> {
+    this.logger.log(`Retrieving backup share for user: ${query.userId}`);
+
+    const share = await this.repository.findByUserIdAndPublicKey(
+      BigInt(query.userId),
+      query.publicKey,
+    );
+
+    if (!share) {
+      throw new ApplicationError('Backup share not found');
+    }
+
+    if (share.status !== BackupShareStatus.ACTIVE) {
+      throw new ApplicationError('Backup share is not active');
+    }
+
+    // 记录访问
+    share.recordAccess();
+    await this.repository.save(share);
+
+    // 解密
+    const decrypted = await this.encryptionService.decrypt(
+      share.encryptedShareData,
+      share.encryptionKeyId,
+    );
+
+    // 记录审计日志
+    await this.auditService.log({
+      shareId: share.shareId!,
+      userId: BigInt(query.userId),
+      action: 'RETRIEVE',
+      sourceService: query.sourceService,
+      sourceIp: query.sourceIp,
+      success: true,
+    });
+
+    return {
+      encryptedShareData: decrypted,
+      partyIndex: share.partyIndex,
+      publicKey: share.publicKey,
+    };
+  }
+}
+```
+
+---
+
+## 7. 环境配置
+
+### 7.1 .env.example
+
+```bash
+# Database (必须是独立的数据库实例，不能与 identity-service 共享！)
+DATABASE_URL="postgresql://postgres:password@backup-db-server:5432/rwa_backup?schema=public"
+
+# Server
+APP_PORT=3002
+APP_ENV="development"
+
+# Service Authentication
+SERVICE_JWT_SECRET="your-super-secret-service-jwt-key"
+ALLOWED_SERVICES="identity-service,recovery-service"
+
+# Encryption (用于二次加密备份分片)
+BACKUP_ENCRYPTION_KEY="your-256-bit-encryption-key-in-hex"
+BACKUP_ENCRYPTION_KEY_ID="key-v1"
+
+# Rate Limiting
+MAX_RETRIEVE_PER_DAY=3        # 每用户每天最多获取 3 次
+MAX_STORE_PER_MINUTE=10       # 每分钟最多存储 10 个
+
+# Audit
+AUDIT_LOG_RETENTION_DAYS=365  # 审计日志保留 365 天
+
+# Monitoring
+PROMETHEUS_ENABLED=true
+PROMETHEUS_PORT=9102
+```
+
+---
+
+## 8. 部署要求
+
+### 8.1 物理隔离
+
+**强制要求：**
+
+```yaml
+# docker-compose.yml (仅供参考架构，生产环境必须分开部署)
+
+# ❌ 错误示例 - 同一台机器
+services:
+  identity-service:
+    ...
+  backup-service:  # 不能在这里！
+    ...
+
+# ✅ 正确示例 - 分开部署
+# 机器 A: docker-compose-main.yml
+services:
+  identity-service:
+    ...
+
+# 机器 B: docker-compose-backup.yml (异地机房)
+services:
+  backup-service:
+    ...
+```
+
+### 8.2 网络安全
+
+```yaml
+# backup-service 的网络策略
+- 只允许来自 identity-service 的入站连接
+- 禁止任何公网访问
+- 使用 VPN 或专线连接主机房和备份机房
+```
+
+### 8.3 数据库安全
+
+```
+- 使用独立的 PostgreSQL 实例
+- 启用 TLS 加密连接
+- 定期备份到第三方存储
+- 启用审计日志
+```
+
+---
+
+## 9. 测试
+
+### 9.1 E2E 测试
+
+```typescript
+// test/e2e/backup-share.e2e-spec.ts
+
+describe('BackupShare (e2e)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+  let serviceToken: string;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleFixture = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+
+    app = moduleFixture.createNestApplication();
+    await app.init();
+
+    // 生成测试用的服务令牌
+    serviceToken = jwt.sign(
+      { service: 'identity-service' },
+      process.env.SERVICE_JWT_SECRET,
+    );
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /backup-share/store', () => {
+    it('should store backup share successfully', async () => {
+      const response = await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/backup-share/store')
+        .set('X-Service-Token', serviceToken)
+        .send({
+          userId: '12345',
+          accountSequence: 1001,
+          publicKey: '02' + 'a'.repeat(64),
+          encryptedShareData: 'encrypted-share-data-base64',
+        })
+        .expect(201);
+
+      expect(response.body.success).toBe(true);
+      expect(response.body.shareId).toBeDefined();
+    });
+
+    it('should reject duplicate share', async () => {
+      // First store
+      await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/backup-share/store')
+        .set('X-Service-Token', serviceToken)
+        .send({
+          userId: '99999',
+          accountSequence: 9999,
+          publicKey: '02' + 'b'.repeat(64),
+          encryptedShareData: 'data',
+        });
+
+      // Duplicate
+      await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/backup-share/store')
+        .set('X-Service-Token', serviceToken)
+        .send({
+          userId: '99999',
+          accountSequence: 9999,
+          publicKey: '02' + 'b'.repeat(64),
+          encryptedShareData: 'data',
+        })
+        .expect(400);
+    });
+
+    it('should reject unauthorized service', async () => {
+      await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/backup-share/store')
+        .set('X-Service-Token', 'invalid-token')
+        .send({})
+        .expect(401);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /backup-share/retrieve', () => {
+    it('should retrieve backup share with valid recovery token', async () => {
+      // Setup: store a share first
+      const storeResponse = await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/backup-share/store')
+        .set('X-Service-Token', serviceToken)
+        .send({
+          userId: '77777',
+          accountSequence: 7777,
+          publicKey: '02' + 'c'.repeat(64),
+          encryptedShareData: 'test-encrypted-data',
+        });
+
+      // Retrieve
+      const response = await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/backup-share/retrieve')
+        .set('X-Service-Token', serviceToken)
+        .send({
+          userId: '77777',
+          publicKey: '02' + 'c'.repeat(64),
+          recoveryToken: 'valid-recovery-token',
+        })
+        .expect(200);
+
+      expect(response.body.encryptedShareData).toBeDefined();
+      expect(response.body.partyIndex).toBe(2);
+    });
+  });
+});
+```
+
+---
+
+## 10. 与 identity-service 的集成
+
+### 10.1 修改 identity-service
+
+在 identity-service 的 `autoCreateAccount` 中添加调用 backup-service：
+
+```typescript
+// identity-service/src/application/services/user-application.service.ts
+
+// 在保存服务端分片后，调用 backup-service 存储备份分片
+await this.mpcKeyShareRepository.saveServerShare({...});
+
+// 新增: 调用 backup-service 存储备份分片
+if (mpcResult.backupShareData) {
+  try {
+    await this.backupClient.storeBackupShare({
+      userId: account.userId.toString(),
+      accountSequence: account.accountSequence.value,
+      publicKey: mpcResult.publicKey,
+      encryptedShareData: mpcResult.backupShareData,
+    });
+    this.logger.log(`Backup share stored to backup-service for user: ${account.userId}`);
+  } catch (error) {
+    this.logger.error(`Failed to store backup share: ${error.message}`);
+    // 根据业务需求决定是否回滚或继续
+    // 建议: 记录失败，后续通过补偿任务重试
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 10.2 配置更新
+
+在 identity-service 的 `.env` 中添加：
+
+```bash
+# Backup Service
+BACKUP_SERVICE_URL="http://backup-server:3002"
+SERVICE_JWT_SECRET="your-super-secret-service-jwt-key"
+```
+
+---
+
+## 11. 监控和告警
+
+### 11.1 关键指标
+
+```
+- backup_share_store_total          # 存储总数
+- backup_share_retrieve_total       # 获取总数
+- backup_share_revoke_total         # 撤销总数
+- backup_share_store_latency_ms     # 存储延迟
+- backup_share_retrieve_latency_ms  # 获取延迟
+- backup_share_error_total          # 错误总数
+```
+
+### 11.2 告警规则
+
+```yaml
+# 异常访问告警
+- alert: HighBackupShareRetrieveRate
+  expr: rate(backup_share_retrieve_total[5m]) > 10
+  for: 5m
+  labels:
+    severity: warning
+  annotations:
+    summary: "Backup share retrieve rate is high"
+
+# 服务不可用告警
+- alert: BackupServiceDown
+  expr: up{job="backup-service"} == 0
+  for: 1m
+  labels:
+    severity: critical
+```
+
+---
+
+## 12. 开发步骤
+
+### 12.1 初始化项目
+
+```bash
+# 1. 创建 NestJS 项目
+cd backend/services/backup-service
+npx @nestjs/cli new . --skip-git
+
+# 2. 安装依赖
+npm install @nestjs/config @prisma/client class-validator class-transformer
+npm install -D prisma
+
+# 3. 初始化 Prisma
+npx prisma init
+
+# 4. 复制 schema 并生成客户端
+npx prisma generate
+npx prisma migrate dev --name init
+```
+
+### 12.2 开发顺序
+
+1. **基础设施层** - Prisma 配置、数据库连接
+2. **领域层** - BackupShare 实体、Repository 接口
+3. **应用层** - 存储/获取/撤销命令处理
+4. **接口层** - REST API Controller
+5. **安全层** - ServiceAuthGuard、审计日志
+6. **测试** - 单元测试、E2E 测试
+
+---
+
+## 13. 检查清单
+
+开发完成后，确保以下事项：
+
+- [ ] 数据库部署在独立服务器
+- [ ] 服务间认证已实现
+- [ ] 分片数据已二次加密
+- [ ] 审计日志已启用
+- [ ] 访问频率限制已实现
+- [ ] E2E 测试通过
+- [ ] 与 identity-service 集成测试通过
+- [ ] 监控指标已配置
+- [ ] 告警规则已配置
+- [ ] 生产环境部署在异地机房
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/.env.development
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/.env.development
@ -27,3 +27,8 @@ APP_ENV="development"

 # Blockchain Encryption
 WALLET_ENCRYPTION_SALT="dev-wallet-salt"
+
+# MPC Service (NestJS 中间层)
+# 调用路径: identity-service → mpc-service (NestJS) → mpc-system (Go)
+MPC_SERVICE_URL="http://localhost:3001"
+MPC_MODE="local"  # local 使用本地模拟，remote 调用 mpc-service
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/.env.example
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/.env.example
@ -27,3 +27,8 @@ APP_ENV="development"

 # Blockchain Encryption
 WALLET_ENCRYPTION_SALT="rwa-wallet-salt-change-in-production"
+
+# MPC Service (NestJS 中间层)
+# 调用路径: identity-service → mpc-service (NestJS) → mpc-system (Go)
+MPC_SERVICE_URL="http://localhost:3001"
+MPC_MODE="local"  # local 使用本地模拟，remote 调用 mpc-service
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/package.json
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/package.json
@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
    "prisma:studio": "prisma studio"
  },
  "dependencies": {
+    "@nestjs/axios": "^3.0.0",
    "@nestjs/common": "^10.0.0",
    "@nestjs/config": "^3.1.1",
    "@nestjs/core": "^10.0.0",
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/prisma/schema.prisma
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/prisma/schema.prisma
@ -72,8 +72,13 @@ model WalletAddress {

  chainType         String   @map("chain_type") @db.VarChar(20)
  address           String   @db.VarChar(100)
+  publicKey         String   @map("public_key") @db.VarChar(130)  // MPC公钥 (压缩/非压缩格式)

-  encryptedMnemonic String?  @map("encrypted_mnemonic") @db.Text
+  // MPC 签名验证字段 - 防止地址被恶意篡改
+  addressDigest     String   @map("address_digest") @db.VarChar(66)  // SHA256摘要
+  mpcSignatureR     String   @map("mpc_signature_r") @db.VarChar(66) // 签名R分量
+  mpcSignatureS     String   @map("mpc_signature_s") @db.VarChar(66) // 签名S分量
+  mpcSignatureV     Int      @map("mpc_signature_v")                 // 签名恢复ID

  status            String   @default("ACTIVE") @db.VarChar(20)

@ -85,6 +90,7 @@ model WalletAddress {
  @@unique([chainType, address], name: "uk_chain_address")
  @@index([userId], name: "idx_wallet_user")
  @@index([address], name: "idx_address")
+  @@index([publicKey], name: "idx_public_key")
  @@map("wallet_addresses")
 }

@ -170,3 +176,53 @@ model SmsCode {
  @@index([expiresAt], name: "idx_sms_expires")
  @@map("sms_codes")
 }
+
+// MPC 密钥分片存储 - 服务端持有的分片
+model MpcKeyShare {
+  shareId           BigInt   @id @default(autoincrement()) @map("share_id")
+  userId            BigInt   @unique @map("user_id")  // 一个用户只有一组MPC密钥
+
+  publicKey         String   @unique @map("public_key") @db.VarChar(130)  // MPC公钥
+  partyIndex        Int      @map("party_index")           // 当前分片的参与方索引 (0=服务端)
+  threshold         Int      @default(2)                    // 阈值 t
+  totalParties      Int      @default(3) @map("total_parties") // 总参与方 n
+
+  // 加密存储的分片数据 (AES加密)
+  encryptedShareData String  @map("encrypted_share_data") @db.Text
+
+  status            String   @default("ACTIVE") @db.VarChar(20)  // ACTIVE, ROTATED, REVOKED
+
+  createdAt         DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+  rotatedAt         DateTime? @map("rotated_at")  // 最后一次密钥轮换时间
+
+  @@index([publicKey], name: "idx_mpc_public_key")
+  @@index([status], name: "idx_mpc_status")
+  @@map("mpc_key_shares")
+}
+
+// MPC 会话记录 - 用于审计和追踪
+model MpcSession {
+  sessionId         String   @id @map("session_id") @db.VarChar(50)
+  sessionType       String   @map("session_type") @db.VarChar(20)  // KEYGEN, SIGNING, ROTATION
+
+  userId            BigInt?  @map("user_id")
+  publicKey         String?  @map("public_key") @db.VarChar(130)
+
+  status            String   @default("PENDING") @db.VarChar(20)  // PENDING, IN_PROGRESS, COMPLETED, FAILED
+  errorMessage      String?  @map("error_message") @db.Text
+
+  // 签名相关 (仅SIGNING类型)
+  messageHash       String?  @map("message_hash") @db.VarChar(66)
+  signatureR        String?  @map("signature_r") @db.VarChar(66)
+  signatureS        String?  @map("signature_s") @db.VarChar(66)
+  signatureV        Int?     @map("signature_v")
+
+  createdAt         DateTime @default(now()) @map("created_at")
+  completedAt       DateTime? @map("completed_at")
+
+  @@index([sessionType], name: "idx_session_type")
+  @@index([userId], name: "idx_session_user")
+  @@index([status], name: "idx_session_status")
+  @@index([createdAt], name: "idx_session_created")
+  @@map("mpc_sessions")
+}
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/api/dto/index.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/api/dto/index.ts
@ -125,16 +125,22 @@ export class AutoCreateAccountResponseDto {
  @ApiProperty()
  userId: string;

-  @ApiProperty()
+  @ApiProperty({ description: '账户序列号 (唯一标识，用于推荐和分享)' })
  accountSequence: number;

-  @ApiProperty()
+  @ApiProperty({ description: '推荐码' })
  referralCode: string;

-  @ApiProperty({ description: '助记词(仅返回一次,请妥善保管)' })
-  mnemonic: string;
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ description: '助记词 (MPC模式下为空)' })
+  mnemonic?: string;

-  @ApiProperty()
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ description: 'MPC客户端分片数据 (需安全存储，用于签名)' })
+  clientShareData?: string;
+
+  @ApiPropertyOptional({ description: 'MPC公钥' })
+  publicKey?: string;
+
+  @ApiProperty({ description: '三链钱包地址 (BSC/KAVA/DST)' })
  walletAddresses: { kava: string; dst: string; bsc: string };

  @ApiProperty()
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/application/commands/index.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/application/commands/index.ts
@ -134,7 +134,9 @@ export interface AutoCreateAccountResult {
  userId: string;
  accountSequence: number;
  referralCode: string;
-  mnemonic: string;
+  mnemonic: string;                // 兼容字段，MPC模式下为空
+  clientShareData?: string;        // MPC 客户端分片数据 (需安全存储)
+  publicKey?: string;              // MPC 公钥
  walletAddresses: { kava: string; dst: string; bsc: string };
  accessToken: string;
  refreshToken: string;
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/application/services/user-application.service.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/application/services/user-application.service.ts
@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
-import { Injectable, Inject } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { Injectable, Inject, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
 import { UserAccountRepository, USER_ACCOUNT_REPOSITORY } from '@/domain/repositories/user-account.repository.interface';
+import { MpcKeyShareRepository, MPC_KEY_SHARE_REPOSITORY } from '@/domain/repositories/mpc-key-share.repository.interface';
 import { UserAccount } from '@/domain/aggregates/user-account/user-account.aggregate';
+import { WalletAddress } from '@/domain/entities/wallet-address.entity';
 import {
  AccountSequenceGeneratorService, UserValidatorService, WalletGeneratorService,
 } from '@/domain/services';
@ -12,6 +14,7 @@ import { TokenService } from './token.service';
 import { RedisService } from '@/infrastructure/redis/redis.service';
 import { SmsService } from '@/infrastructure/external/sms/sms.service';
 import { EventPublisherService } from '@/infrastructure/kafka/event-publisher.service';
+import { MpcWalletService } from '@/infrastructure/external/mpc';
 import { ApplicationError } from '@/shared/exceptions/domain.exception';
 import {
  AutoCreateAccountCommand, RecoverByMnemonicCommand, RecoverByPhoneCommand,
@ -24,22 +27,39 @@ import {

@Injectable()
 export class UserApplicationService {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(UserApplicationService.name);
+
  constructor(
    @Inject(USER_ACCOUNT_REPOSITORY)
    private readonly userRepository: UserAccountRepository,
+    @Inject(MPC_KEY_SHARE_REPOSITORY)
+    private readonly mpcKeyShareRepository: MpcKeyShareRepository,
    private readonly sequenceGenerator: AccountSequenceGeneratorService,
    private readonly validatorService: UserValidatorService,
    private readonly walletGenerator: WalletGeneratorService,
+    private readonly mpcWalletService: MpcWalletService,
    private readonly tokenService: TokenService,
    private readonly redisService: RedisService,
    private readonly smsService: SmsService,
    private readonly eventPublisher: EventPublisherService,
  ) {}

+  /**
+   * 自动创建账户 (首次打开APP)
+   *
+   * 使用 MPC 2-of-3 协议生成钱包地址:
+   * - 生成三条链 (BSC/KAVA/DST) 的钱包地址
+   * - 计算地址摘要并用 MPC 签名
+   * - 签名存储在数据库中用于防止地址被篡改
+   */
  async autoCreateAccount(command: AutoCreateAccountCommand): Promise<AutoCreateAccountResult> {
+    this.logger.log(`Creating account with MPC 2-of-3 for device: ${command.deviceId}`);
+
+    // 1. 验证设备ID
    const deviceValidation = await this.validatorService.validateDeviceId(command.deviceId);
    if (!deviceValidation.isValid) throw new ApplicationError(deviceValidation.errorMessage!);

+    // 2. 验证邀请码
    let inviterSequence: AccountSequence | null = null;
    if (command.inviterReferralCode) {
      const referralCode = ReferralCode.create(command.inviterReferralCode);
@ -49,8 +69,10 @@ export class UserApplicationService {
      inviterSequence = inviter!.accountSequence;
    }

+    // 3. 生成账户序列号
    const accountSequence = await this.sequenceGenerator.generateNext();

+    // 4. 创建用户账户
    const account = UserAccount.createAutomatic({
      accountSequence,
      initialDeviceId: command.deviceId,
@ -60,29 +82,67 @@ export class UserApplicationService {
      city: CityCode.create(command.cityCode || 'DEFAULT'),
    });

-    const { mnemonic, wallets } = this.walletGenerator.generateWalletSystem({
-      userId: account.userId,
+    // 5. 使用 MPC 2-of-3 生成三链钱包地址
+    this.logger.log(`Generating MPC wallet for account sequence: ${accountSequence.value}`);
+    const mpcResult = await this.mpcWalletService.generateMpcWallet({
+      userId: account.userId.toString(),
      deviceId: command.deviceId,
    });

+    // 6. 创建钱包地址实体 (包含 MPC 签名)
+    const wallets = new Map<ChainType, WalletAddress>();
+    for (const walletInfo of mpcResult.wallets) {
+      const chainType = walletInfo.chainType as ChainType;
+      const wallet = WalletAddress.createMpc({
+        userId: account.userId,
+        chainType,
+        address: walletInfo.address,
+        publicKey: walletInfo.publicKey,
+        addressDigest: walletInfo.addressDigest,
+        signature: walletInfo.signature,
+      });
+      wallets.set(chainType, wallet);
+    }
+
+    // 7. 绑定钱包地址到账户
    account.bindMultipleWalletAddresses(wallets);
+
+    // 8. 保存账户和钱包
    await this.userRepository.save(account);
    await this.userRepository.saveWallets(account.userId, Array.from(wallets.values()));

+    // 9. 保存服务端 MPC 分片到数据库 (用于后续签名)
+    await this.mpcKeyShareRepository.saveServerShare({
+      userId: account.userId.value,
+      publicKey: mpcResult.publicKey,
+      partyIndex: 0, // SERVER = party 0
+      threshold: 2,
+      totalParties: 3,
+      encryptedShareData: mpcResult.serverShareData,
+    });
+    this.logger.log(`Server MPC share saved for user: ${account.userId.toString()}`);
+
+    // 11. 生成 Token
    const tokens = await this.tokenService.generateTokenPair({
      userId: account.userId.toString(),
      accountSequence: account.accountSequence.value,
      deviceId: command.deviceId,
    });

+    // 12. 发布领域事件
    await this.eventPublisher.publishAll(account.domainEvents);
    account.clearDomainEvents();

+    this.logger.log(`Account created successfully: sequence=${accountSequence.value}, publicKey=${mpcResult.publicKey}`);
+
    return {
      userId: account.userId.toString(),
      accountSequence: account.accountSequence.value,
      referralCode: account.referralCode.value,
-      mnemonic: mnemonic.value,
+      // MPC 模式下返回客户端分片数据 (而不是助记词)
+      mnemonic: '', // MPC 模式不使用助记词，返回空字符串
+      clientShareData: mpcResult.clientShareData, // 客户端需要安全存储的分片数据
+      publicKey: mpcResult.publicKey, // MPC 公钥
      walletAddresses: {
        kava: wallets.get(ChainType.KAVA)!.address,
        dst: wallets.get(ChainType.DST)!.address,
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/domain/entities/wallet-address.entity.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/domain/entities/wallet-address.entity.ts
@ -13,12 +13,23 @@ import {
  MnemonicEncryption,
 } from '@/domain/value-objects';

+/**
+ * MPC 签名信息
+ */
+export interface MpcSignature {
+  r: string;
+  s: string;
+  v: number;
+}
+
 export class WalletAddress {
  private readonly _addressId: AddressId;
  private readonly _userId: UserId;
  private readonly _chainType: ChainType;
  private readonly _address: string;
-  private readonly _encryptedMnemonic: string;
+  private readonly _publicKey: string;           // MPC 公钥
+  private readonly _addressDigest: string;       // 地址摘要
+  private readonly _mpcSignature: MpcSignature;  // MPC 签名
  private _status: AddressStatus;
  private readonly _boundAt: Date;

@ -26,7 +37,9 @@ export class WalletAddress {
  get userId(): UserId { return this._userId; }
  get chainType(): ChainType { return this._chainType; }
  get address(): string { return this._address; }
-  get encryptedMnemonic(): string { return this._encryptedMnemonic; }
+  get publicKey(): string { return this._publicKey; }
+  get addressDigest(): string { return this._addressDigest; }
+  get mpcSignature(): MpcSignature { return this._mpcSignature; }
  get status(): AddressStatus { return this._status; }
  get boundAt(): Date { return this._boundAt; }

@ -35,7 +48,9 @@ export class WalletAddress {
    userId: UserId,
    chainType: ChainType,
    address: string,
-    encryptedMnemonic: string,
+    publicKey: string,
+    addressDigest: string,
+    mpcSignature: MpcSignature,
    status: AddressStatus,
    boundAt: Date,
  ) {
@ -43,13 +58,27 @@ export class WalletAddress {
    this._userId = userId;
    this._chainType = chainType;
    this._address = address;
-    this._encryptedMnemonic = encryptedMnemonic;
+    this._publicKey = publicKey;
+    this._addressDigest = addressDigest;
+    this._mpcSignature = mpcSignature;
    this._status = status;
    this._boundAt = boundAt;
  }

-  static create(params: { userId: UserId; chainType: ChainType; address: string }): WalletAddress {
-    if (!this.validateAddress(params.chainType, params.address)) {
+  /**
+   * 创建 MPC 钱包地址
+   *
+   * @param params 包含 MPC 签名验证信息的参数
+   */
+  static createMpc(params: {
+    userId: UserId;
+    chainType: ChainType;
+    address: string;
+    publicKey: string;
+    addressDigest: string;
+    signature: MpcSignature;
+  }): WalletAddress {
+    if (!this.validateEvmAddress(params.address)) {
      throw new DomainError(`${params.chainType}地址格式错误`);
    }
    return new WalletAddress(
@ -57,37 +86,27 @@ export class WalletAddress {
      params.userId,
      params.chainType,
      params.address,
-      '',
-      AddressStatus.ACTIVE,
-      new Date(),
-    );
-  }
-
-  static createFromMnemonic(params: {
-    userId: UserId;
-    chainType: ChainType;
-    mnemonic: Mnemonic;
-    encryptionKey: string;
-  }): WalletAddress {
-    const address = this.deriveAddress(params.chainType, params.mnemonic);
-    const encryptedMnemonic = MnemonicEncryption.encrypt(params.mnemonic.value, params.encryptionKey);
-    return new WalletAddress(
-      AddressId.generate(),
-      params.userId,
-      params.chainType,
-      address,
-      encryptedMnemonic,
+      params.publicKey,
+      params.addressDigest,
+      params.signature,
      AddressStatus.ACTIVE,
      new Date(),
    );
  }

+  /**
+   * 从数据库重建实体
+   */
  static reconstruct(params: {
    addressId: string;
    userId: string;
    chainType: ChainType;
    address: string;
-    encryptedMnemonic: string;
+    publicKey: string;
+    addressDigest: string;
+    mpcSignatureR: string;
+    mpcSignatureS: string;
+    mpcSignatureV: number;
    status: AddressStatus;
    boundAt: Date;
  }): WalletAddress {
@ -96,7 +115,13 @@ export class WalletAddress {
      UserId.create(params.userId),
      params.chainType,
      params.address,
-      params.encryptedMnemonic,
+      params.publicKey,
+      params.addressDigest,
+      {
+        r: params.mpcSignatureR,
+        s: params.mpcSignatureS,
+        v: params.mpcSignatureV,
+      },
      params.status,
      params.boundAt,
    );
@ -110,12 +135,95 @@ export class WalletAddress {
    this._status = AddressStatus.ACTIVE;
  }

-  decryptMnemonic(encryptionKey: string): Mnemonic {
-    if (!this._encryptedMnemonic) {
-      throw new DomainError('该地址没有加密助记词');
+  /**
+   * 验证签名是否有效
+   * 用于检测地址是否被篡改
+   */
+  async verifySignature(): Promise<boolean> {
+    try {
+      const { ethers } = await import('ethers');
+
+      // 计算预期的摘要
+      const expectedDigest = this.computeDigest();
+      if (expectedDigest !== this._addressDigest) {
+        return false;
      }
-    const mnemonicStr = MnemonicEncryption.decrypt(this._encryptedMnemonic, encryptionKey);
-    return Mnemonic.create(mnemonicStr);
+
+      // 验证签名
+      const digestBytes = Buffer.from(this._addressDigest, 'hex');
+      const sig = ethers.Signature.from({
+        r: '0x' + this._mpcSignature.r,
+        s: '0x' + this._mpcSignature.s,
+        v: this._mpcSignature.v + 27,
+      });
+
+      const recoveredPubKey = ethers.SigningKey.recoverPublicKey(digestBytes, sig);
+      const compressedRecovered = ethers.SigningKey.computePublicKey(recoveredPubKey, true);
+
+      return compressedRecovered.slice(2).toLowerCase() === this._publicKey.toLowerCase();
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 计算地址摘要
+   */
+  private computeDigest(): string {
+    const message = `${this._chainType}:${this._address.toLowerCase()}`;
+    return createHash('sha256').update(message).digest('hex');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 验证 EVM 地址格式
+   */
+  private static validateEvmAddress(address: string): boolean {
+    return /^0x[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$/.test(address);
+  }
+
+  // ==================== 兼容旧版本的方法 (保留但标记为废弃) ====================
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated 请使用 createMpc 方法
+   */
+  static create(params: { userId: UserId; chainType: ChainType; address: string }): WalletAddress {
+    if (!this.validateAddress(params.chainType, params.address)) {
+      throw new DomainError(`${params.chainType}地址格式错误`);
+    }
+    return new WalletAddress(
+      AddressId.generate(),
+      params.userId,
+      params.chainType,
+      params.address,
+      '',
+      '',
+      { r: '', s: '', v: 0 },
+      AddressStatus.ACTIVE,
+      new Date(),
+    );
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * @deprecated MPC 模式下不再使用助记词
+   */
+  static createFromMnemonic(params: {
+    userId: UserId;
+    chainType: ChainType;
+    mnemonic: Mnemonic;
+    encryptionKey: string;
+  }): WalletAddress {
+    const address = this.deriveAddress(params.chainType, params.mnemonic);
+    return new WalletAddress(
+      AddressId.generate(),
+      params.userId,
+      params.chainType,
+      address,
+      '',
+      '',
+      { r: '', s: '', v: 0 },
+      AddressStatus.ACTIVE,
+      new Date(),
+    );
  }

  private static deriveAddress(chainType: ChainType, mnemonic: Mnemonic): string {
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/domain/repositories/mpc-key-share.repository.interface.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/domain/repositories/mpc-key-share.repository.interface.ts
@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+import { UserId } from '@/domain/value-objects';
+
+export interface MpcKeyShareData {
+  userId: bigint;
+  publicKey: string;
+  partyIndex: number;
+  threshold: number;
+  totalParties: number;
+  encryptedShareData: string;
+}
+
+export interface MpcKeyShare {
+  shareId: bigint;
+  userId: bigint;
+  publicKey: string;
+  partyIndex: number;
+  threshold: number;
+  totalParties: number;
+  encryptedShareData: string;
+  status: string;
+  createdAt: Date;
+  rotatedAt: Date | null;
+}
+
+export const MPC_KEY_SHARE_REPOSITORY = Symbol('MPC_KEY_SHARE_REPOSITORY');
+
+export interface MpcKeyShareRepository {
+  /**
+   * 保存服务端 MPC 分片
+   */
+  saveServerShare(data: MpcKeyShareData): Promise<MpcKeyShare>;
+
+  /**
+   * 根据用户ID查找分片
+   */
+  findByUserId(userId: UserId): Promise<MpcKeyShare | null>;
+
+  /**
+   * 根据公钥查找分片
+   */
+  findByPublicKey(publicKey: string): Promise<MpcKeyShare | null>;
+
+  /**
+   * 更新分片状态 (用于密钥轮换)
+   */
+  updateStatus(shareId: bigint, status: string): Promise<void>;
+
+  /**
+   * 轮换分片 (更新分片数据)
+   */
+  rotateShare(shareId: bigint, newEncryptedData: string): Promise<void>;
+}
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/mpc/index.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/mpc/index.ts
@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+export * from './mpc.module';
+export * from './mpc-client.service';
+export * from './mpc-wallet.service';
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/mpc/mpc-client.service.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/mpc/mpc-client.service.ts
@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+/**
+ * MPC Client Service
+ *
+ * 与 mpc-service (NestJS) 通信的客户端服务
+ *
+ * 调用路径：
+ * identity-service → mpc-service (NestJS) → mpc-system (Go)
+ *
+ * 这种架构的优点：
+ * 1. 符合 DDD 边界上下文分离原则
+ * 2. mpc-service 可以封装 MPC 业务逻辑、重试、熔断等
+ * 3. 多个服务可共享 mpc-service（如 transaction-service）
+ * 4. MPC API Key 只需配置在 mpc-service
+ */
+
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { HttpService } from '@nestjs/axios';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { firstValueFrom } from 'rxjs';
+import { createHash, randomUUID } from 'crypto';
+
+export interface KeygenRequest {
+  sessionId: string;
+  threshold: number;      // t in t-of-n (默认 2)
+  totalParties: number;   // n in t-of-n (默认 3)
+  parties: PartyInfo[];
+}
+
+export interface PartyInfo {
+  partyId: string;
+  partyIndex: number;
+  partyType: 'SERVER' | 'CLIENT' | 'BACKUP';
+}
+
+export interface KeygenResult {
+  sessionId: string;
+  publicKey: string;           // 压缩格式公钥 (33 bytes hex)
+  publicKeyUncompressed: string; // 非压缩格式公钥 (65 bytes hex)
+  partyShares: PartyShareResult[];
+}
+
+export interface PartyShareResult {
+  partyId: string;
+  partyIndex: number;
+  encryptedShareData: string;  // 加密的分片数据
+}
+
+export interface SigningRequest {
+  sessionId: string;
+  publicKey: string;
+  messageHash: string;         // 32 bytes hex
+  signerParties: PartyInfo[];
+  threshold: number;
+}
+
+export interface SigningResult {
+  sessionId: string;
+  signature: {
+    r: string;     // 32 bytes hex
+    s: string;     // 32 bytes hex
+    v: number;     // recovery id (0 or 1)
+  };
+  messageHash: string;
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class MpcClientService {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(MpcClientService.name);
+  private readonly mpcServiceUrl: string;  // mpc-service (NestJS) URL
+  private readonly mpcMode: string;
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly httpService: HttpService,
+    private readonly configService: ConfigService,
+  ) {
+    // 连接 mpc-service (NestJS) 而不是直接连接 mpc-system (Go)
+    this.mpcServiceUrl = this.configService.get<string>('MPC_SERVICE_URL', 'http://localhost:3001');
+    this.mpcMode = this.configService.get<string>('MPC_MODE', 'local');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 生成新的会话ID
+   */
+  generateSessionId(): string {
+    return `mpc-${randomUUID()}`;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 执行 2-of-3 MPC 密钥生成
+   *
+   * 三个参与方:
+   * - Party 0 (SERVER): 服务端持有，用于常规签名
+   * - Party 1 (CLIENT): 用户设备持有，返回给客户端
+   * - Party 2 (BACKUP): 备份服务持有，用于恢复
+   *
+   * 调用路径: identity-service → mpc-service → mpc-system (Go)
+   */
+  async executeKeygen(request: KeygenRequest): Promise<KeygenResult> {
+    this.logger.log(`Starting MPC keygen: session=${request.sessionId}, t=${request.threshold}, n=${request.totalParties}`);
+
+    // 开发模式使用本地模拟
+    if (this.mpcMode === 'local') {
+      return this.executeLocalKeygen(request);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // 调用 mpc-service 的 keygen 同步接口
+      const response = await firstValueFrom(
+        this.httpService.post<KeygenResult>(
+          `${this.mpcServiceUrl}/mpc-party/keygen/participate-sync`,
+          {
+            sessionId: request.sessionId,
+            partyId: 'server-party',
+            joinToken: this.generateJoinToken(request.sessionId),
+            shareType: 'SERVER',
+            userId: request.parties.find(p => p.partyType === 'CLIENT')?.partyId,
+          },
+          {
+            headers: {
+              'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            },
+            timeout: 300000, // 5分钟超时
+          },
+        ),
+      );
+
+      this.logger.log(`MPC keygen completed: session=${request.sessionId}, publicKey=${response.data.publicKey}`);
+      return response.data;
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`MPC keygen failed: session=${request.sessionId}`, error);
+      throw new Error(`MPC keygen failed: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 生成加入会话的 token
+   */
+  private generateJoinToken(sessionId: string): string {
+    return createHash('sha256').update(`${sessionId}-${Date.now()}`).digest('hex');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 执行 MPC 签名
+   *
+   * 至少需要 threshold 个参与方来完成签名
+   * 调用路径: identity-service → mpc-service → mpc-system (Go)
+   */
+  async executeSigning(request: SigningRequest): Promise<SigningResult> {
+    this.logger.log(`Starting MPC signing: session=${request.sessionId}, messageHash=${request.messageHash}`);
+
+    // 开发模式使用本地模拟
+    if (this.mpcMode === 'local') {
+      return this.executeLocalSigning(request);
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // 调用 mpc-service 的 signing 同步接口
+      const response = await firstValueFrom(
+        this.httpService.post<SigningResult>(
+          `${this.mpcServiceUrl}/mpc-party/signing/participate-sync`,
+          {
+            sessionId: request.sessionId,
+            partyId: 'server-party',
+            joinToken: this.generateJoinToken(request.sessionId),
+            messageHash: request.messageHash,
+            publicKey: request.publicKey,
+          },
+          {
+            headers: {
+              'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            },
+            timeout: 120000, // 2分钟超时
+          },
+        ),
+      );
+
+      this.logger.log(`MPC signing completed: session=${request.sessionId}`);
+      return response.data;
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`MPC signing failed: session=${request.sessionId}`, error);
+      throw new Error(`MPC signing failed: ${error.message}`);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 执行本地模拟的 MPC keygen (用于开发测试)
+   *
+   * 注意: 这是一个简化的本地实现，仅用于测试
+   * 生产环境应该调用真正的 MPC 系统
+   */
+  async executeLocalKeygen(request: KeygenRequest): Promise<KeygenResult> {
+    this.logger.log(`Starting LOCAL MPC keygen (test mode): session=${request.sessionId}`);
+
+    // 使用 ethers 生成密钥对 (简化版本，非真正的 MPC)
+    const { ethers } = await import('ethers');
+
+    // 生成随机私钥
+    const wallet = ethers.Wallet.createRandom();
+    const privateKey = wallet.privateKey;
+    const publicKey = wallet.publicKey;
+
+    // 压缩公钥 (33 bytes)
+    const compressedPubKey = ethers.SigningKey.computePublicKey(publicKey, true);
+
+    // 模拟分片数据 (实际上是完整私钥的加密版本，仅用于测试)
+    const partyShares: PartyShareResult[] = request.parties.map((party) => ({
+      partyId: party.partyId,
+      partyIndex: party.partyIndex,
+      encryptedShareData: this.encryptShareData(privateKey, party.partyId),
+    }));
+
+    return {
+      sessionId: request.sessionId,
+      publicKey: compressedPubKey.slice(2), // 去掉 0x 前缀
+      publicKeyUncompressed: publicKey.slice(2),
+      partyShares,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 执行本地模拟的 MPC 签名 (用于开发测试)
+   */
+  async executeLocalSigning(request: SigningRequest): Promise<SigningResult> {
+    this.logger.log(`Starting LOCAL MPC signing (test mode): session=${request.sessionId}`);
+
+    const { ethers } = await import('ethers');
+
+    // 从第一个参与方获取分片数据并解密 (测试模式)
+    // 实际生产环境需要多方协作签名
+    const signerParty = request.signerParties[0];
+
+    // 这里我们无法真正恢复私钥，所以使用一个测试签名
+    // 生产环境应该使用真正的 MPC 协议
+    const messageHashBytes = Buffer.from(request.messageHash, 'hex');
+
+    // 创建一个临时钱包用于签名 (仅测试)
+    const testWallet = new ethers.Wallet(
+      '0x' + createHash('sha256').update(request.publicKey).digest('hex'),
+    );
+
+    const signature = testWallet.signingKey.sign(messageHashBytes);
+
+    return {
+      sessionId: request.sessionId,
+      signature: {
+        r: signature.r.slice(2),
+        s: signature.s.slice(2),
+        v: signature.v - 27, // 转换为 0 或 1
+      },
+      messageHash: request.messageHash,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 加密分片数据 (简化版本)
+   */
+  private encryptShareData(data: string, key: string): string {
+    // 简化的加密，实际应该使用 AES-GCM
+    const cipher = createHash('sha256').update(key).digest('hex');
+    return Buffer.from(data).toString('base64') + '.' + cipher.slice(0, 16);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 计算消息摘要 (用于签名)
+   */
+  computeMessageHash(message: string): string {
+    return createHash('sha256').update(message).digest('hex');
+  }
+}
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/mpc/mpc-wallet.service.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/mpc/mpc-wallet.service.ts
@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/**
+ * MPC Wallet Service
+ *
+ * 使用 MPC 2-of-3 协议生成三链钱包地址
+ * 并对地址进行签名验证
+ */
+
+import { Injectable, Logger } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { ConfigService } from '@nestjs/config';
+import { createHash } from 'crypto';
+import { MpcClientService, KeygenResult, SigningResult } from './mpc-client.service';
+
+export interface MpcWalletGenerationParams {
+  userId: string;
+  deviceId: string;
+}
+
+export interface ChainWalletInfo {
+  chainType: 'KAVA' | 'DST' | 'BSC';
+  address: string;
+  publicKey: string;
+  addressDigest: string;
+  signature: {
+    r: string;
+    s: string;
+    v: number;
+  };
+}
+
+export interface MpcWalletGenerationResult {
+  publicKey: string;               // MPC 公钥
+  serverShareData: string;         // 服务端分片 (加密后存储)
+  clientShareData: string;         // 客户端分片 (返回给用户设备)
+  backupShareData: string;         // 备份分片 (存储在备份服务)
+  wallets: ChainWalletInfo[];      // 三条链的钱包信息
+  sessionId: string;               // MPC 会话ID
+}
+
+@Injectable()
+export class MpcWalletService {
+  private readonly logger = new Logger(MpcWalletService.name);
+  private readonly useLocalMpc: boolean;
+
+  // 三条链的地址生成配置
+  private readonly chainConfigs = {
+    BSC: {
+      name: 'Binance Smart Chain',
+      prefix: '0x',
+      derivationPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/0/0", // EVM 兼容链
+      addressType: 'evm' as const,
+    },
+    KAVA: {
+      name: 'Kava EVM',
+      prefix: '0x',
+      derivationPath: "m/44'/60'/0'/0/0", // Kava EVM 使用以太坊兼容地址
+      addressType: 'evm' as const,
+    },
+    DST: {
+      name: 'Durian Star Token',
+      prefix: 'dst',  // Cosmos Bech32 前缀
+      derivationPath: "m/44'/118'/0'/0/0", // Cosmos 标准路径
+      addressType: 'cosmos' as const,
+    },
+  };
+
+  constructor(
+    private readonly mpcClient: MpcClientService,
+    private readonly configService: ConfigService,
+  ) {
+    // 开发环境使用本地模拟 MPC
+    this.useLocalMpc = this.configService.get<string>('MPC_MODE', 'local') === 'local';
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 使用 MPC 2-of-3 生成三链钱包
+   *
+   * 流程:
+   * 1. 生成 MPC 密钥 (2-of-3)
+   * 2. 从公钥派生三条链的地址
+   * 3. 计算地址摘要
+   * 4. 使用 MPC 签名对摘要进行签名
+   * 5. 返回完整的钱包信息
+   */
+  async generateMpcWallet(params: MpcWalletGenerationParams): Promise<MpcWalletGenerationResult> {
+    this.logger.log(`Generating MPC wallet for user=${params.userId}, device=${params.deviceId}`);
+
+    // Step 1: 生成 MPC 密钥
+    const sessionId = this.mpcClient.generateSessionId();
+    const keygenResult = await this.executeKeygen(sessionId, params);
+
+    this.logger.log(`MPC keygen completed: publicKey=${keygenResult.publicKey}`);
+
+    // Step 2: 从公钥派生三条链的地址
+    const walletAddresses = await this.deriveChainAddresses(keygenResult.publicKey);
+
+    // Step 3: 计算地址摘要
+    const addressDigest = this.computeAddressDigest(walletAddresses);
+
+    // Step 4: 使用 MPC 签名对摘要进行签名
+    const signingSessionId = this.mpcClient.generateSessionId();
+    const signingResult = await this.executeSigning(
+      signingSessionId,
+      keygenResult.publicKey,
+      addressDigest,
+    );
+
+    this.logger.log(`MPC signing completed: r=${signingResult.signature.r}`);
+
+    // Step 5: 构建钱包信息
+    const wallets: ChainWalletInfo[] = walletAddresses.map((wa) => ({
+      chainType: wa.chainType as 'KAVA' | 'DST' | 'BSC',
+      address: wa.address,
+      publicKey: keygenResult.publicKey,
+      addressDigest: this.computeSingleAddressDigest(wa.address, wa.chainType),
+      signature: signingResult.signature,
+    }));
+
+    // 提取各方分片
+    const serverShare = keygenResult.partyShares.find((s) => s.partyIndex === 0);
+    const clientShare = keygenResult.partyShares.find((s) => s.partyIndex === 1);
+    const backupShare = keygenResult.partyShares.find((s) => s.partyIndex === 2);
+
+    return {
+      publicKey: keygenResult.publicKey,
+      serverShareData: serverShare?.encryptedShareData || '',
+      clientShareData: clientShare?.encryptedShareData || '',
+      backupShareData: backupShare?.encryptedShareData || '',
+      wallets,
+      sessionId,
+    };
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 验证钱包地址签名
+   *
+   * 用于检测地址是否被篡改
+   */
+  async verifyWalletSignature(
+    address: string,
+    chainType: string,
+    publicKey: string,
+    signature: { r: string; s: string; v: number },
+  ): Promise<boolean> {
+    try {
+      const { ethers } = await import('ethers');
+
+      // 计算地址摘要
+      const digest = this.computeSingleAddressDigest(address, chainType);
+      const digestBytes = Buffer.from(digest, 'hex');
+
+      // 重建签名
+      const sig = ethers.Signature.from({
+        r: '0x' + signature.r,
+        s: '0x' + signature.s,
+        v: signature.v + 27,
+      });
+
+      // 从签名恢复公钥
+      const recoveredPubKey = ethers.SigningKey.recoverPublicKey(digestBytes, sig);
+
+      // 压缩公钥并比较
+      const compressedRecovered = ethers.SigningKey.computePublicKey(recoveredPubKey, true);
+
+      return compressedRecovered.slice(2).toLowerCase() === publicKey.toLowerCase();
+    } catch (error) {
+      this.logger.error(`Signature verification failed: ${error.message}`);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 执行 MPC 密钥生成
+   */
+  private async executeKeygen(sessionId: string, params: MpcWalletGenerationParams): Promise<KeygenResult> {
+    const request = {
+      sessionId,
+      threshold: 2,
+      totalParties: 3,
+      parties: [
+        { partyId: `server-${params.userId}`, partyIndex: 0, partyType: 'SERVER' as const },
+        { partyId: `client-${params.deviceId}`, partyIndex: 1, partyType: 'CLIENT' as const },
+        { partyId: `backup-${params.userId}`, partyIndex: 2, partyType: 'BACKUP' as const },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    if (this.useLocalMpc) {
+      return this.mpcClient.executeLocalKeygen(request);
+    }
+    return this.mpcClient.executeKeygen(request);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 执行 MPC 签名
+   */
+  private async executeSigning(
+    sessionId: string,
+    publicKey: string,
+    messageHash: string,
+  ): Promise<SigningResult> {
+    const request = {
+      sessionId,
+      publicKey,
+      messageHash,
+      threshold: 2,
+      signerParties: [
+        { partyId: 'server', partyIndex: 0, partyType: 'SERVER' as const },
+        { partyId: 'backup', partyIndex: 2, partyType: 'BACKUP' as const },
+      ],
+    };
+
+    if (this.useLocalMpc) {
+      return this.mpcClient.executeLocalSigning(request);
+    }
+    return this.mpcClient.executeSigning(request);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 从 MPC 公钥派生三条链的地址
+   *
+   * - BSC/KAVA: EVM 地址 (keccak256)
+   * - DST: Cosmos Bech32 地址 (ripemd160(sha256))
+   */
+  private async deriveChainAddresses(publicKey: string): Promise<{ chainType: string; address: string }[]> {
+    const { ethers } = await import('ethers');
+    const { bech32 } = await import('bech32');
+
+    // MPC 公钥 (压缩格式，33 bytes)
+    const pubKeyHex = publicKey.startsWith('0x') ? publicKey : '0x' + publicKey;
+    const compressedPubKeyBytes = Buffer.from(pubKeyHex.replace('0x', ''), 'hex');
+
+    // 解压公钥 (如果是压缩格式)
+    let uncompressedPubKey: string;
+    if (pubKeyHex.length === 68) {
+      // 压缩格式 (33 bytes = 66 hex chars + 0x)
+      uncompressedPubKey = ethers.SigningKey.computePublicKey(pubKeyHex, false);
+    } else {
+      uncompressedPubKey = pubKeyHex;
+    }
+
+    // ===== EVM 地址派生 (BSC, KAVA) =====
+    // 地址 = keccak256(公钥[1:])[12:]
+    const pubKeyBytes = Buffer.from(uncompressedPubKey.slice(4), 'hex'); // 去掉 0x04 前缀
+    const addressHash = ethers.keccak256(pubKeyBytes);
+    const evmAddress = ethers.getAddress('0x' + addressHash.slice(-40));
+
+    // ===== Cosmos 地址派生 (DST) =====
+    // 地址 = bech32(prefix, ripemd160(sha256(compressed_pubkey)))
+    const sha256Hash = createHash('sha256').update(compressedPubKeyBytes).digest();
+    const ripemd160Hash = createHash('ripemd160').update(sha256Hash).digest();
+    const dstAddress = bech32.encode(this.chainConfigs.DST.prefix, bech32.toWords(ripemd160Hash));
+
+    return [
+      { chainType: 'BSC', address: evmAddress },
+      { chainType: 'KAVA', address: evmAddress },
+      { chainType: 'DST', address: dstAddress },
+    ];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 计算三个地址的联合摘要
+   *
+   * digest = SHA256(BSC地址 + KAVA地址 + DST地址)
+   */
+  private computeAddressDigest(addresses: { chainType: string; address: string }[]): string {
+    // 按链类型排序以确保一致性
+    const sortedAddresses = [...addresses].sort((a, b) =>
+      a.chainType.localeCompare(b.chainType),
+    );
+
+    // 拼接地址
+    const concatenated = sortedAddresses.map((a) => a.address.toLowerCase()).join('');
+
+    // 计算 SHA256 摘要
+    return createHash('sha256').update(concatenated).digest('hex');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 计算单个地址的摘要
+   */
+  private computeSingleAddressDigest(address: string, chainType: string): string {
+    const message = `${chainType}:${address.toLowerCase()}`;
+    return createHash('sha256').update(message).digest('hex');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * 获取所有支持的链类型
+   */
+  getSupportedChains(): string[] {
+    return Object.keys(this.chainConfigs);
+  }
+}
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/mpc/mpc.module.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/external/mpc/mpc.module.ts
@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+import { Module } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { HttpModule } from '@nestjs/axios';
+import { MpcWalletService } from './mpc-wallet.service';
+import { MpcClientService } from './mpc-client.service';
+
+@Module({
+  imports: [
+    HttpModule.register({
+      timeout: 300000, // MPC 操作可能需要较长时间
+      maxRedirects: 5,
+    }),
+  ],
+  providers: [MpcWalletService, MpcClientService],
+  exports: [MpcWalletService, MpcClientService],
+})
+export class MpcModule {}
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/infrastructure.module.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/infrastructure.module.ts
@ -1,31 +1,53 @@
 import { Module, Global } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { HttpModule } from '@nestjs/axios';
 import { PrismaService } from './persistence/prisma/prisma.service';
 import { UserAccountRepositoryImpl } from './persistence/repositories/user-account.repository.impl';
+import { MpcKeyShareRepositoryImpl } from './persistence/repositories/mpc-key-share.repository.impl';
 import { UserAccountMapper } from './persistence/mappers/user-account.mapper';
 import { RedisService } from './redis/redis.service';
 import { EventPublisherService } from './kafka/event-publisher.service';
 import { SmsService } from './external/sms/sms.service';
 import { WalletGeneratorServiceImpl } from './external/blockchain/wallet-generator.service.impl';
+import { MpcClientService, MpcWalletService } from './external/mpc';
+import { MPC_KEY_SHARE_REPOSITORY } from '@/domain/repositories/mpc-key-share.repository.interface';

@Global()
@Module({
+  imports: [
+    HttpModule.register({
+      timeout: 300000,
+      maxRedirects: 5,
+    }),
+  ],
  providers: [
    PrismaService,
    UserAccountRepositoryImpl,
+    {
+      provide: MPC_KEY_SHARE_REPOSITORY,
+      useClass: MpcKeyShareRepositoryImpl,
+    },
    UserAccountMapper,
    RedisService,
    EventPublisherService,
    SmsService,
    WalletGeneratorServiceImpl,
+    MpcClientService,
+    MpcWalletService,
  ],
  exports: [
    PrismaService,
    UserAccountRepositoryImpl,
+    {
+      provide: MPC_KEY_SHARE_REPOSITORY,
+      useClass: MpcKeyShareRepositoryImpl,
+    },
    UserAccountMapper,
    RedisService,
    EventPublisherService,
    SmsService,
    WalletGeneratorServiceImpl,
+    MpcClientService,
+    MpcWalletService,
  ],
 })
 export class InfrastructureModule {}
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/persistence/entities/wallet-address.entity.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/persistence/entities/wallet-address.entity.ts
@ -3,7 +3,11 @@ export interface WalletAddressEntity {
  userId: bigint;
  chainType: string;
  address: string;
-  encryptedMnemonic: string | null;
+  publicKey: string;
+  addressDigest: string;
+  mpcSignatureR: string;
+  mpcSignatureS: string;
+  mpcSignatureV: number;
  status: string;
  boundAt: Date;
 }
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/persistence/repositories/mpc-key-share.repository.impl.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/persistence/repositories/mpc-key-share.repository.impl.ts
@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+import { Injectable } from '@nestjs/common';
+import { PrismaService } from '@/infrastructure/persistence/prisma/prisma.service';
+import {
+  MpcKeyShareRepository,
+  MpcKeyShareData,
+  MpcKeyShare,
+} from '@/domain/repositories/mpc-key-share.repository.interface';
+import { UserId } from '@/domain/value-objects';
+
+@Injectable()
+export class MpcKeyShareRepositoryImpl implements MpcKeyShareRepository {
+  constructor(private readonly prisma: PrismaService) {}
+
+  async saveServerShare(data: MpcKeyShareData): Promise<MpcKeyShare> {
+    const result = await this.prisma.mpcKeyShare.create({
+      data: {
+        userId: data.userId,
+        publicKey: data.publicKey,
+        partyIndex: data.partyIndex,
+        threshold: data.threshold,
+        totalParties: data.totalParties,
+        encryptedShareData: data.encryptedShareData,
+        status: 'ACTIVE',
+      },
+    });
+
+    return this.toDomain(result);
+  }
+
+  async findByUserId(userId: UserId): Promise<MpcKeyShare | null> {
+    const result = await this.prisma.mpcKeyShare.findUnique({
+      where: { userId: BigInt(userId.value) },
+    });
+    return result ? this.toDomain(result) : null;
+  }
+
+  async findByPublicKey(publicKey: string): Promise<MpcKeyShare | null> {
+    const result = await this.prisma.mpcKeyShare.findUnique({
+      where: { publicKey },
+    });
+    return result ? this.toDomain(result) : null;
+  }
+
+  async updateStatus(shareId: bigint, status: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.prisma.mpcKeyShare.update({
+      where: { shareId },
+      data: { status },
+    });
+  }
+
+  async rotateShare(shareId: bigint, newEncryptedData: string): Promise<void> {
+    await this.prisma.mpcKeyShare.update({
+      where: { shareId },
+      data: {
+        encryptedShareData: newEncryptedData,
+        rotatedAt: new Date(),
+      },
+    });
+  }
+
+  private toDomain(data: any): MpcKeyShare {
+    return {
+      shareId: data.shareId,
+      userId: data.userId,
+      publicKey: data.publicKey,
+      partyIndex: data.partyIndex,
+      threshold: data.threshold,
+      totalParties: data.totalParties,
+      encryptedShareData: data.encryptedShareData,
+      status: data.status,
+      createdAt: data.createdAt,
+      rotatedAt: data.rotatedAt,
+    };
+  }
+}
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/persistence/repositories/user-account.repository.impl.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/src/infrastructure/persistence/repositories/user-account.repository.impl.ts
@ -90,7 +90,11 @@ export class UserAccountRepositoryImpl implements UserAccountRepository {
        userId: BigInt(userId.value),
        chainType: w.chainType,
        address: w.address,
-        encryptedMnemonic: w.encryptedMnemonic,
+        publicKey: w.publicKey,
+        addressDigest: w.addressDigest,
+        mpcSignatureR: w.mpcSignature.r,
+        mpcSignatureS: w.mpcSignature.s,
+        mpcSignatureV: w.mpcSignature.v,
        status: w.status,
        boundAt: w.boundAt,
      })),
@ -205,7 +209,11 @@ export class UserAccountRepositoryImpl implements UserAccountRepository {
        userId: w.userId.toString(),
        chainType: w.chainType as ChainType,
        address: w.address,
-        encryptedMnemonic: w.encryptedMnemonic || '',
+        publicKey: w.publicKey || '',
+        addressDigest: w.addressDigest || '',
+        mpcSignatureR: w.mpcSignatureR || '',
+        mpcSignatureS: w.mpcSignatureS || '',
+        mpcSignatureV: w.mpcSignatureV || 0,
        status: w.status as AddressStatus,
        boundAt: w.boundAt,
      }),
--- a/backend/services/identity-service/test/auto-create-account.e2e-spec.ts
+++ b/backend/services/identity-service/test/auto-create-account.e2e-spec.ts
@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+/**
+ * E2E 测试: 自动创建账号 (MPC 2-of-3)
+ *
+ * 测试流程:
+ * 1. 调用 POST /user/auto-create 创建账号
+ * 2. 验证返回的账号信息
+ * 3. 验证钱包地址格式
+ * 4. 验证 MPC 分片数据
+ */
+
+import { Test, TestingModule } from '@nestjs/testing';
+import { INestApplication, ValidationPipe } from '@nestjs/common';
+import * as request from 'supertest';
+import { AppModule } from '../src/app.module';
+
+describe('AutoCreateAccount (e2e)', () => {
+  let app: INestApplication;
+
+  beforeAll(async () => {
+    const moduleFixture: TestingModule = await Test.createTestingModule({
+      imports: [AppModule],
+    }).compile();
+
+    app = moduleFixture.createNestApplication();
+    app.useGlobalPipes(new ValidationPipe({ transform: true }));
+    await app.init();
+  });
+
+  afterAll(async () => {
+    await app.close();
+  });
+
+  describe('POST /user/auto-create', () => {
+    it('should create account with MPC 2-of-3 wallet', async () => {
+      const deviceId = `test-device-${Date.now()}`;
+
+      const response = await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/user/auto-create')
+        .send({
+          deviceId,
+          deviceName: 'Test Device',
+        })
+        .expect(201);
+
+      const body = response.body;
+
+      // 验证基本字段
+      expect(body).toHaveProperty('userId');
+      expect(body).toHaveProperty('accountSequence');
+      expect(body).toHaveProperty('referralCode');
+      expect(body).toHaveProperty('accessToken');
+      expect(body).toHaveProperty('refreshToken');
+      expect(body).toHaveProperty('walletAddresses');
+
+      // 验证钱包地址格式
+      // BSC 和 KAVA 是 EVM 兼容链，使用 0x 前缀的地址
+      expect(body.walletAddresses.bsc).toMatch(/^0x[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$/);
+      expect(body.walletAddresses.kava).toMatch(/^0x[a-fA-F0-9]{40}$/);
+      // DST 是 Cosmos 链，使用 Bech32 格式 (dst1...)
+      expect(body.walletAddresses.dst).toMatch(/^dst1[a-z0-9]{38,58}$/);
+
+      // BSC 和 KAVA 地址应该相同 (同一个 MPC 公钥派生的 EVM 地址)
+      expect(body.walletAddresses.bsc).toBe(body.walletAddresses.kava);
+      // DST 地址是不同格式，不应该与 EVM 地址相同
+      expect(body.walletAddresses.dst).not.toBe(body.walletAddresses.bsc);
+
+      // 验证 MPC 相关字段
+      expect(body).toHaveProperty('clientShareData');
+      expect(body).toHaveProperty('publicKey');
+      expect(body.clientShareData).toBeTruthy();
+      expect(body.publicKey).toBeTruthy();
+
+      // MPC 模式下 mnemonic 应该为空
+      expect(body.mnemonic).toBe('');
+
+      // 验证账号序列号是正整数
+      expect(typeof body.accountSequence).toBe('number');
+      expect(body.accountSequence).toBeGreaterThan(0);
+
+      // 验证推荐码格式 (假设是 6-10 位字母数字)
+      expect(body.referralCode).toMatch(/^[A-Z0-9]{6,10}$/);
+
+      console.log('Created account:', {
+        userId: body.userId,
+        accountSequence: body.accountSequence,
+        referralCode: body.referralCode,
+        publicKey: body.publicKey?.substring(0, 20) + '...',
+        bscAddress: body.walletAddresses.bsc,
+      });
+    });
+
+    it('should create different accounts for different devices', async () => {
+      const deviceId1 = `test-device-a-${Date.now()}`;
+      const deviceId2 = `test-device-b-${Date.now()}`;
+
+      const [response1, response2] = await Promise.all([
+        request(app.getHttpServer())
+          .post('/user/auto-create')
+          .send({ deviceId: deviceId1 }),
+        request(app.getHttpServer())
+          .post('/user/auto-create')
+          .send({ deviceId: deviceId2 }),
+      ]);
+
+      // 两个账号应该有不同的序列号和钱包地址
+      expect(response1.body.accountSequence).not.toBe(response2.body.accountSequence);
+      expect(response1.body.walletAddresses.bsc).not.toBe(response2.body.walletAddresses.bsc);
+      expect(response1.body.publicKey).not.toBe(response2.body.publicKey);
+    });
+
+    it('should reject invalid device id', async () => {
+      await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/user/auto-create')
+        .send({
+          deviceId: '', // 空设备ID
+        })
+        .expect(400);
+    });
+
+    it('should handle inviter referral code', async () => {
+      // 先创建一个账号作为邀请人
+      const inviterResponse = await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/user/auto-create')
+        .send({ deviceId: `inviter-${Date.now()}` })
+        .expect(201);
+
+      const inviterReferralCode = inviterResponse.body.referralCode;
+
+      // 使用邀请码创建新账号
+      const inviteeResponse = await request(app.getHttpServer())
+        .post('/user/auto-create')
+        .send({
+          deviceId: `invitee-${Date.now()}`,
+          inviterReferralCode,
+        })
+        .expect(201);
+
+      expect(inviteeResponse.body.accountSequence).toBeGreaterThan(
+        inviterResponse.body.accountSequence,
+      );
+    });
+  });
+});
--- a/frontend/.claude/settings.local.json
+++ b/frontend/.claude/settings.local.json
@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "permissions": {
+    "allow": [
+      "Bash(npx create-next-app:*)"
+    ],
+    "deny": [],
+    "ask": []
+  }
+}
--- a/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/di/injection_container.dart
+++ b/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/di/injection_container.dart
@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
 import '../storage/secure_storage.dart';
 import '../storage/local_storage.dart';
+import '../network/api_client.dart';
+import '../services/account_service.dart';

 // Storage Providers
 final secureStorageProvider = Provider<SecureStorage>((ref) {
@ -11,6 +13,22 @@ final localStorageProvider = Provider<LocalStorage>((ref) {
  throw UnimplementedError('LocalStorage must be initialized before use');
 });

+// API Client Provider
+final apiClientProvider = Provider<ApiClient>((ref) {
+  final secureStorage = ref.watch(secureStorageProvider);
+  return ApiClient(secureStorage: secureStorage);
+});
+
+// Account Service Provider
+final accountServiceProvider = Provider<AccountService>((ref) {
+  final apiClient = ref.watch(apiClientProvider);
+  final secureStorage = ref.watch(secureStorageProvider);
+  return AccountService(
+    apiClient: apiClient,
+    secureStorage: secureStorage,
+  );
+});
+
 // Override provider with initialized instance
 ProviderContainer createProviderContainer(LocalStorage localStorage) {
  return ProviderContainer(
--- a/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/errors/exceptions.dart
+++ b/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/errors/exceptions.dart
@ -73,3 +73,40 @@ class StorageException implements Exception {
  @override
  String toString() => 'StorageException: $message';
 }
+
+class ApiException implements Exception {
+  final String message;
+  final int? statusCode;
+
+  const ApiException(this.message, {this.statusCode});
+
+  @override
+  String toString() => 'ApiException: $message (status: $statusCode)';
+}
+
+class UnauthorizedException implements Exception {
+  final String message;
+
+  const UnauthorizedException([this.message = '未授权，请重新登录']);
+
+  @override
+  String toString() => 'UnauthorizedException: $message';
+}
+
+class ForbiddenException implements Exception {
+  final String message;
+
+  const ForbiddenException([this.message = '访问被拒绝']);
+
+  @override
+  String toString() => 'ForbiddenException: $message';
+}
+
+class NotFoundException implements Exception {
+  final String message;
+
+  const NotFoundException([this.message = '资源不存在']);
+
+  @override
+  String toString() => 'NotFoundException: $message';
+}
--- a/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/network/api_client.dart
+++ b/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/network/api_client.dart
@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+import 'package:dio/dio.dart';
+import 'package:flutter/foundation.dart';
+import '../storage/secure_storage.dart';
+import '../storage/storage_keys.dart';
+import '../errors/exceptions.dart';
+
+/// API 客户端
+///
+/// 封装 Dio HTTP 客户端，提供:
+/// - 自动 Token 注入
+/// - 错误处理
+/// - 请求/响应日志
+class ApiClient {
+  final Dio _dio;
+  final SecureStorage _secureStorage;
+
+  ApiClient({
+    required SecureStorage secureStorage,
+    String? baseUrl,
+  })  : _secureStorage = secureStorage,
+        _dio = Dio(BaseOptions(
+          baseUrl: baseUrl ?? _defaultBaseUrl,
+          connectTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 30),
+          receiveTimeout: const Duration(seconds: 30),
+          headers: {
+            'Content-Type': 'application/json',
+            'Accept': 'application/json',
+          },
+        )) {
+    _setupInterceptors();
+  }
+
+  static const String _defaultBaseUrl = 'http://10.0.2.2:3001'; // Android 模拟器访问本机
+
+  /// 设置拦截器
+  void _setupInterceptors() {
+    _dio.interceptors.add(InterceptorsWrapper(
+      onRequest: _onRequest,
+      onResponse: _onResponse,
+      onError: _onError,
+    ));
+
+    // Debug 模式下添加日志
+    if (kDebugMode) {
+      _dio.interceptors.add(LogInterceptor(
+        requestBody: true,
+        responseBody: true,
+        error: true,
+      ));
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// 请求拦截器 - 自动注入 Token
+  Future<void> _onRequest(
+    RequestOptions options,
+    RequestInterceptorHandler handler,
+  ) async {
+    // 不需要 Token 的接口
+    final publicPaths = [
+      '/user/auto-create',
+      '/user/login',
+      '/user/register',
+      '/user/send-sms-code',
+      '/user/recover-by-mnemonic',
+      '/user/recover-by-phone',
+    ];
+
+    final isPublic = publicPaths.any((path) => options.path.contains(path));
+
+    if (!isPublic) {
+      final token = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.accessToken);
+      if (token != null && token.isNotEmpty) {
+        options.headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer $token';
+      }
+    }
+
+    handler.next(options);
+  }
+
+  /// 响应拦截器
+  void _onResponse(
+    Response response,
+    ResponseInterceptorHandler handler,
+  ) {
+    handler.next(response);
+  }
+
+  /// 错误拦截器
+  Future<void> _onError(
+    DioException error,
+    ErrorInterceptorHandler handler,
+  ) async {
+    // 401 错误尝试刷新 Token
+    if (error.response?.statusCode == 401) {
+      try {
+        final refreshed = await _tryRefreshToken();
+        if (refreshed) {
+          // 重试原请求
+          final response = await _retryRequest(error.requestOptions);
+          return handler.resolve(response);
+        }
+      } catch (e) {
+        // 刷新失败，清除登录状态
+        await _clearAuthData();
+      }
+    }
+
+    handler.next(error);
+  }
+
+  /// 尝试刷新 Token
+  Future<bool> _tryRefreshToken() async {
+    final refreshToken = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.refreshToken);
+    if (refreshToken == null) return false;
+
+    try {
+      final deviceId = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.deviceId);
+      final response = await _dio.post(
+        '/user/auto-login',
+        data: {
+          'refreshToken': refreshToken,
+          'deviceId': deviceId,
+        },
+        options: Options(headers: {'Authorization': ''}), // 不带旧 Token
+      );
+
+      if (response.statusCode == 200) {
+        final data = response.data;
+        await _secureStorage.write(
+          key: StorageKeys.accessToken,
+          value: data['accessToken'],
+        );
+        await _secureStorage.write(
+          key: StorageKeys.refreshToken,
+          value: data['refreshToken'],
+        );
+        return true;
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      debugPrint('Token refresh failed: $e');
+    }
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  /// 重试请求
+  Future<Response> _retryRequest(RequestOptions options) async {
+    final token = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.accessToken);
+    options.headers['Authorization'] = 'Bearer $token';
+    return _dio.fetch(options);
+  }
+
+  /// 清除认证数据
+  Future<void> _clearAuthData() async {
+    await _secureStorage.delete(key: StorageKeys.accessToken);
+    await _secureStorage.delete(key: StorageKeys.refreshToken);
+  }
+
+  /// GET 请求
+  Future<Response<T>> get<T>(
+    String path, {
+    Map<String, dynamic>? queryParameters,
+    Options? options,
+  }) async {
+    try {
+      return await _dio.get<T>(
+        path,
+        queryParameters: queryParameters,
+        options: options,
+      );
+    } on DioException catch (e) {
+      throw _handleDioError(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// POST 请求
+  Future<Response<T>> post<T>(
+    String path, {
+    dynamic data,
+    Map<String, dynamic>? queryParameters,
+    Options? options,
+  }) async {
+    try {
+      return await _dio.post<T>(
+        path,
+        data: data,
+        queryParameters: queryParameters,
+        options: options,
+      );
+    } on DioException catch (e) {
+      throw _handleDioError(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// PUT 请求
+  Future<Response<T>> put<T>(
+    String path, {
+    dynamic data,
+    Map<String, dynamic>? queryParameters,
+    Options? options,
+  }) async {
+    try {
+      return await _dio.put<T>(
+        path,
+        data: data,
+        queryParameters: queryParameters,
+        options: options,
+      );
+    } on DioException catch (e) {
+      throw _handleDioError(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// DELETE 请求
+  Future<Response<T>> delete<T>(
+    String path, {
+    dynamic data,
+    Map<String, dynamic>? queryParameters,
+    Options? options,
+  }) async {
+    try {
+      return await _dio.delete<T>(
+        path,
+        data: data,
+        queryParameters: queryParameters,
+        options: options,
+      );
+    } on DioException catch (e) {
+      throw _handleDioError(e);
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// 处理 Dio 错误
+  Exception _handleDioError(DioException error) {
+    switch (error.type) {
+      case DioExceptionType.connectionTimeout:
+      case DioExceptionType.sendTimeout:
+      case DioExceptionType.receiveTimeout:
+        return NetworkException('网络连接超时，请稍后重试');
+      case DioExceptionType.badResponse:
+        final statusCode = error.response?.statusCode;
+        final data = error.response?.data;
+        final message = data is Map ? data['message'] ?? '请求失败' : '请求失败';
+
+        switch (statusCode) {
+          case 400:
+            return ApiException(message, statusCode: 400);
+          case 401:
+            return UnauthorizedException(message);
+          case 403:
+            return ForbiddenException(message);
+          case 404:
+            return NotFoundException(message);
+          case 500:
+          case 502:
+          case 503:
+            return ServerException('服务器错误，请稍后重试');
+          default:
+            return ApiException(message, statusCode: statusCode);
+        }
+      case DioExceptionType.cancel:
+        return ApiException('请求已取消');
+      case DioExceptionType.connectionError:
+        return NetworkException('网络连接失败，请检查网络设置');
+      default:
+        return NetworkException('网络错误: ${error.message}');
+    }
+  }
+}
--- a/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/services/account_service.dart
+++ b/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/services/account_service.dart
@ -0,0 +1,286 @@
+import 'dart:io';
+import 'package:device_info_plus/device_info_plus.dart';
+import 'package:uuid/uuid.dart';
+import '../network/api_client.dart';
+import '../storage/secure_storage.dart';
+import '../storage/storage_keys.dart';
+import '../errors/exceptions.dart';
+
+/// 创建账号请求
+class CreateAccountRequest {
+  final String deviceId;
+  final String? deviceName;
+  final String? inviterReferralCode;
+  final String? provinceCode;
+  final String? cityCode;
+
+  CreateAccountRequest({
+    required this.deviceId,
+    this.deviceName,
+    this.inviterReferralCode,
+    this.provinceCode,
+    this.cityCode,
+  });
+
+  Map<String, dynamic> toJson() => {
+        'deviceId': deviceId,
+        if (deviceName != null) 'deviceName': deviceName,
+        if (inviterReferralCode != null)
+          'inviterReferralCode': inviterReferralCode,
+        if (provinceCode != null) 'provinceCode': provinceCode,
+        if (cityCode != null) 'cityCode': cityCode,
+      };
+}
+
+/// 创建账号响应
+class CreateAccountResponse {
+  final String userId;
+  final int accountSequence;
+  final String referralCode;
+  final String? mnemonic;
+  final String? clientShareData; // MPC 客户端分片数据
+  final String? publicKey; // MPC 公钥
+  final WalletAddresses walletAddresses;
+  final String accessToken;
+  final String refreshToken;
+
+  CreateAccountResponse({
+    required this.userId,
+    required this.accountSequence,
+    required this.referralCode,
+    this.mnemonic,
+    this.clientShareData,
+    this.publicKey,
+    required this.walletAddresses,
+    required this.accessToken,
+    required this.refreshToken,
+  });
+
+  factory CreateAccountResponse.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
+    return CreateAccountResponse(
+      userId: json['userId'] as String,
+      accountSequence: json['accountSequence'] as int,
+      referralCode: json['referralCode'] as String,
+      mnemonic: json['mnemonic'] as String?,
+      clientShareData: json['clientShareData'] as String?,
+      publicKey: json['publicKey'] as String?,
+      walletAddresses:
+          WalletAddresses.fromJson(json['walletAddresses'] as Map<String, dynamic>),
+      accessToken: json['accessToken'] as String,
+      refreshToken: json['refreshToken'] as String,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+/// 钱包地址
+class WalletAddresses {
+  final String kava;
+  final String dst;
+  final String bsc;
+
+  WalletAddresses({
+    required this.kava,
+    required this.dst,
+    required this.bsc,
+  });
+
+  factory WalletAddresses.fromJson(Map<String, dynamic> json) {
+    return WalletAddresses(
+      kava: json['kava'] as String,
+      dst: json['dst'] as String,
+      bsc: json['bsc'] as String,
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+/// 账号服务
+///
+/// 处理账号创建、恢复等功能
+class AccountService {
+  final ApiClient _apiClient;
+  final SecureStorage _secureStorage;
+
+  AccountService({
+    required ApiClient apiClient,
+    required SecureStorage secureStorage,
+  })  : _apiClient = apiClient,
+        _secureStorage = secureStorage;
+
+  /// 获取或生成设备ID
+  Future<String> getOrCreateDeviceId() async {
+    // 尝试从存储读取
+    var deviceId = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.deviceId);
+    if (deviceId != null && deviceId.isNotEmpty) {
+      return deviceId;
+    }
+
+    // 生成新的设备ID
+    deviceId = const Uuid().v4();
+    await _secureStorage.write(key: StorageKeys.deviceId, value: deviceId);
+    return deviceId;
+  }
+
+  /// 获取设备名称
+  Future<String> getDeviceName() async {
+    final deviceInfo = DeviceInfoPlugin();
+
+    if (Platform.isAndroid) {
+      final info = await deviceInfo.androidInfo;
+      return '${info.brand} ${info.model}';
+    } else if (Platform.isIOS) {
+      final info = await deviceInfo.iosInfo;
+      return info.name;
+    }
+
+    return 'Unknown Device';
+  }
+
+  /// 自动创建账号 (首次打开APP)
+  ///
+  /// 使用 MPC 2-of-3 协议生成钱包地址
+  Future<CreateAccountResponse> createAccount({
+    String? inviterReferralCode,
+    String? provinceCode,
+    String? cityCode,
+  }) async {
+    try {
+      // 获取设备信息
+      final deviceId = await getOrCreateDeviceId();
+      final deviceName = await getDeviceName();
+
+      // 调用 API
+      final response = await _apiClient.post(
+        '/user/auto-create',
+        data: CreateAccountRequest(
+          deviceId: deviceId,
+          deviceName: deviceName,
+          inviterReferralCode: inviterReferralCode,
+          provinceCode: provinceCode,
+          cityCode: cityCode,
+        ).toJson(),
+      );
+
+      if (response.data == null) {
+        throw const ApiException('创建账号失败: 空响应');
+      }
+
+      final result = CreateAccountResponse.fromJson(
+        response.data as Map<String, dynamic>,
+      );
+
+      // 保存账号数据到安全存储
+      await _saveAccountData(result, deviceId);
+
+      return result;
+    } on ApiException {
+      rethrow;
+    } catch (e) {
+      throw ApiException('创建账号失败: $e');
+    }
+  }
+
+  /// 保存账号数据
+  Future<void> _saveAccountData(
+    CreateAccountResponse response,
+    String deviceId,
+  ) async {
+    // 保存基本信息
+    await _secureStorage.write(key: StorageKeys.userId, value: response.userId);
+    await _secureStorage.write(
+      key: StorageKeys.accountSequence,
+      value: response.accountSequence.toString(),
+    );
+    await _secureStorage.write(
+      key: StorageKeys.referralCode,
+      value: response.referralCode,
+    );
+
+    // 保存 Token
+    await _secureStorage.write(
+      key: StorageKeys.accessToken,
+      value: response.accessToken,
+    );
+    await _secureStorage.write(
+      key: StorageKeys.refreshToken,
+      value: response.refreshToken,
+    );
+
+    // 保存钱包地址
+    await _secureStorage.write(
+      key: StorageKeys.walletAddressBsc,
+      value: response.walletAddresses.bsc,
+    );
+    await _secureStorage.write(
+      key: StorageKeys.walletAddressKava,
+      value: response.walletAddresses.kava,
+    );
+    await _secureStorage.write(
+      key: StorageKeys.walletAddressDst,
+      value: response.walletAddresses.dst,
+    );
+
+    // 保存 MPC 数据 (如果有)
+    if (response.clientShareData != null &&
+        response.clientShareData!.isNotEmpty) {
+      await _secureStorage.write(
+        key: StorageKeys.mpcClientShareData,
+        value: response.clientShareData!,
+      );
+    }
+    if (response.publicKey != null && response.publicKey!.isNotEmpty) {
+      await _secureStorage.write(
+        key: StorageKeys.mpcPublicKey,
+        value: response.publicKey!,
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 保存助记词 (如果有)
+    if (response.mnemonic != null && response.mnemonic!.isNotEmpty) {
+      await _secureStorage.write(
+        key: StorageKeys.mnemonic,
+        value: response.mnemonic!,
+      );
+    }
+
+    // 标记钱包已创建
+    await _secureStorage.write(
+      key: StorageKeys.isWalletCreated,
+      value: 'true',
+    );
+  }
+
+  /// 检查是否已创建账号
+  Future<bool> hasAccount() async {
+    final isCreated = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.isWalletCreated);
+    return isCreated == 'true';
+  }
+
+  /// 获取账号序列号
+  Future<int?> getAccountSequence() async {
+    final sequence = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.accountSequence);
+    return sequence != null ? int.tryParse(sequence) : null;
+  }
+
+  /// 获取推荐码
+  Future<String?> getReferralCode() async {
+    return _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.referralCode);
+  }
+
+  /// 获取钱包地址
+  Future<WalletAddresses?> getWalletAddresses() async {
+    final bsc = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.walletAddressBsc);
+    final kava = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.walletAddressKava);
+    final dst = await _secureStorage.read(key: StorageKeys.walletAddressDst);
+
+    if (bsc == null || kava == null || dst == null) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return WalletAddresses(kava: kava, dst: dst, bsc: bsc);
+  }
+
+  /// 登出
+  Future<void> logout() async {
+    await _secureStorage.deleteAll();
+  }
+}
--- a/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/storage/storage_keys.dart
+++ b/frontend/mobile-app/lib/core/storage/storage_keys.dart
@ -8,11 +8,22 @@ class StorageKeys {
  static const String isWalletCreated = 'is_wallet_created';
  static const String isMnemonicBackedUp = 'is_mnemonic_backed_up';

+  // MPC 相关
+  static const String mpcClientShareData = 'mpc_client_share_data';  // MPC 客户端分片数据
+  static const String mpcPublicKey = 'mpc_public_key';                // MPC 公钥
+  static const String accountSequence = 'account_sequence';           // 账户序列号
+
+  // 钱包地址
+  static const String walletAddressBsc = 'wallet_address_bsc';
+  static const String walletAddressKava = 'wallet_address_kava';
+  static const String walletAddressDst = 'wallet_address_dst';
+
  // User
  static const String userId = 'user_id';
  static const String userProfile = 'user_profile';
  static const String accessToken = 'access_token';
  static const String refreshToken = 'refresh_token';
+  static const String referralCode = 'referral_code';

  // Settings
  static const String locale = 'locale';
@ -20,6 +31,10 @@ class StorageKeys {
  static const String isFirstLaunch = 'is_first_launch';
  static const String biometricEnabled = 'biometric_enabled';

+  // Device
+  static const String deviceId = 'device_id';
+  static const String deviceName = 'device_name';
+
  // Cache
  static const String lastSyncTime = 'last_sync_time';
  static const String cachedRankingData = 'cached_ranking_data';
--- a/frontend/mobile-app/lib/features/auth/presentation/pages/backup_mnemonic_page.dart
+++ b/frontend/mobile-app/lib/features/auth/presentation/pages/backup_mnemonic_page.dart
@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
 import '../../../../routes/route_paths.dart';
 import '../../../../routes/app_router.dart';

-/// 备份助记词页面 - 显示生成的助记词和钱包地址
-/// 用户需要备份助记词后才能继续使用应用
+/// 备份助记词/账户信息页面
+/// MPC 模式下显示账户信息，传统模式下显示助记词
 class BackupMnemonicPage extends ConsumerStatefulWidget {
-  /// 生成的助记词列表
+  /// 生成的助记词列表 (MPC 模式下为空)
  final List<String> mnemonicWords;
  /// KAVA 钱包地址
  final String kavaAddress;
@ -16,8 +16,14 @@ class BackupMnemonicPage extends ConsumerStatefulWidget {
  final String dstAddress;
  /// BSC 钱包地址
  final String bscAddress;
-  /// 序列号
+  /// 序列号 (账户唯一标识)
  final String serialNumber;
+  /// 推荐码
+  final String? referralCode;
+  /// MPC 公钥
+  final String? publicKey;
+  /// 是否为 MPC 模式
+  final bool isMpcMode;

  const BackupMnemonicPage({
    super.key,
@ -26,6 +32,9 @@ class BackupMnemonicPage extends ConsumerStatefulWidget {
    required this.dstAddress,
    required this.bscAddress,
    required this.serialNumber,
+    this.referralCode,
+    this.publicKey,
+    this.isMpcMode = false,
  });

  @override
@ -114,7 +123,10 @@ class _BackupMnemonicPageState extends ConsumerState<BackupMnemonicPage> {
                  padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
                  child: Column(
                    children: [
-                      // 助记词卡片
+                      // MPC 模式显示账户信息卡片，否则显示助记词
+                      if (widget.isMpcMode)
+                        _buildMpcInfoCard()
+                      else if (widget.mnemonicWords.isNotEmpty)
                        _buildMnemonicCard(),
                      const SizedBox(height: 24),
                      // 警告提示
@ -157,10 +169,10 @@ class _BackupMnemonicPageState extends ConsumerState<BackupMnemonicPage> {
            ),
          ),
          // 标题
-          const Expanded(
+          Expanded(
            child: Text(
-              '备份你的助记词',
-              style: TextStyle(
+              widget.isMpcMode ? '账户创建成功' : '备份你的助记词',
+              style: const TextStyle(
                fontSize: 18,
                fontFamily: 'Inter',
                fontWeight: FontWeight.w700,
@ -332,26 +344,154 @@ class _BackupMnemonicPageState extends ConsumerState<BackupMnemonicPage> {
    );
  }

+  /// 构建 MPC 信息卡片 (MPC 模式下显示)
+  Widget _buildMpcInfoCard() {
+    return Container(
+      width: double.infinity,
+      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
+      decoration: BoxDecoration(
+        color: const Color(0x80FFFFFF),
+        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12),
+        boxShadow: const [
+          BoxShadow(
+            color: Color(0x0D000000),
+            blurRadius: 2,
+            offset: Offset(0, 1),
+          ),
+        ],
+      ),
+      child: Column(
+        crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
+        children: [
+          // 成功图标和标题
+          Row(
+            children: [
+              Container(
+                width: 48,
+                height: 48,
+                decoration: BoxDecoration(
+                  color: const Color(0x3322C55E),
+                  borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(24),
+                ),
+                child: const Icon(
+                  Icons.check_circle,
+                  color: Color(0xFF22C55E),
+                  size: 28,
+                ),
+              ),
+              const SizedBox(width: 16),
+              const Expanded(
+                child: Text(
+                  '多方安全钱包已创建',
+                  style: TextStyle(
+                    fontSize: 18,
+                    fontFamily: 'Inter',
+                    fontWeight: FontWeight.w700,
+                    height: 1.25,
+                    color: Color(0xFF5D4037),
+                  ),
+                ),
+              ),
+            ],
+          ),
+          const SizedBox(height: 16),
+          // 说明文字
+          Container(
+            padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12),
+            decoration: BoxDecoration(
+              color: const Color(0x1AD4AF37),
+              borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
+            ),
+            child: const Column(
+              crossAxisAlignment: CrossAxisAlignment.start,
+              children: [
+                Text(
+                  'MPC 2-of-3 多方安全计算',
+                  style: TextStyle(
+                    fontSize: 14,
+                    fontFamily: 'Inter',
+                    fontWeight: FontWeight.w600,
+                    height: 1.5,
+                    color: Color(0xFF8B5A2B),
+                  ),
+                ),
+                SizedBox(height: 8),
+                Text(
+                  '您的钱包密钥被安全地分成三份:\n'
+                  '1. 服务器持有一份 (用于日常交易)\n'
+                  '2. 您的设备持有一份 (已安全存储)\n'
+                  '3. 备份服务持有一份 (用于恢复)',
+                  style: TextStyle(
+                    fontSize: 13,
+                    fontFamily: 'Inter',
+                    height: 1.6,
+                    color: Color(0xFF5D4037),
+                  ),
+                ),
+              ],
+            ),
+          ),
+          // 推荐码 (如果有)
+          if (widget.referralCode != null && widget.referralCode!.isNotEmpty) ...[
+            const SizedBox(height: 16),
+            Row(
+              children: [
+                const Icon(Icons.share, color: Color(0xFFD4AF37), size: 20),
+                const SizedBox(width: 8),
+                const Text(
+                  '您的推荐码: ',
+                  style: TextStyle(
+                    fontSize: 14,
+                    fontFamily: 'Inter',
+                    color: Color(0xFF5D4037),
+                  ),
+                ),
+                Text(
+                  widget.referralCode!,
+                  style: const TextStyle(
+                    fontSize: 16,
+                    fontFamily: 'Inter',
+                    fontWeight: FontWeight.w700,
+                    color: Color(0xFFD4AF37),
+                  ),
+                ),
+                const Spacer(),
+                GestureDetector(
+                  onTap: () => _copyAddress(widget.referralCode!, '推荐码'),
+                  child: const Icon(Icons.copy, color: Color(0xFF8B5A2B), size: 20),
+                ),
+              ],
+            ),
+          ],
+        ],
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
  /// 构建警告卡片
  Widget _buildWarningCard() {
+    final warningText = widget.isMpcMode
+        ? '您的账户已安全创建。序列号是您的唯一身份标识，请妥善保管。'
+        : '请妥善保管您的助记词，丢失将无法恢复账号。';
+
    return Container(
      width: double.infinity,
      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(12),
      decoration: BoxDecoration(
-        color: const Color(0x1A7F1D1D),
+        color: widget.isMpcMode ? const Color(0x1A22C55E) : const Color(0x1A7F1D1D),
        borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(8),
        border: Border.all(
-          color: const Color(0x337F1D1D),
+          color: widget.isMpcMode ? const Color(0x3322C55E) : const Color(0x337F1D1D),
          width: 1,
        ),
      ),
-      child: const Text(
-        '请妥善保管您的助记词，丢失将无法恢复账号。',
+      child: Text(
+        warningText,
        style: TextStyle(
          fontSize: 14,
          fontFamily: 'Inter',
          height: 1.5,
-          color: Color(0xFF991B1B),
+          color: widget.isMpcMode ? const Color(0xFF166534) : const Color(0xFF991B1B),
        ),
        textAlign: TextAlign.center,
      ),
@ -509,9 +649,9 @@ class _BackupMnemonicPageState extends ConsumerState<BackupMnemonicPage> {
      padding: const EdgeInsets.all(16),
      child: Column(
        children: [
-          // 确认备份按钮
+          // MPC 模式直接进入主页，传统模式需要验证助记词
          GestureDetector(
-            onTap: _confirmBackup,
+            onTap: widget.isMpcMode ? _enterApp : _confirmBackup,
            child: Container(
              width: double.infinity,
              height: 48,
@ -519,10 +659,10 @@ class _BackupMnemonicPageState extends ConsumerState<BackupMnemonicPage> {
                color: const Color(0xFFD4AF37),
                borderRadius: BorderRadius.circular(12),
              ),
-              child: const Center(
+              child: Center(
                child: Text(
-                  '我已备份助记词',
-                  style: TextStyle(
+                  widget.isMpcMode ? '进入应用' : '我已备份助记词',
+                  style: const TextStyle(
                    fontSize: 16,
                    fontFamily: 'Inter',
                    fontWeight: FontWeight.w700,
@ -534,7 +674,8 @@ class _BackupMnemonicPageState extends ConsumerState<BackupMnemonicPage> {
            ),
          ),
          const SizedBox(height: 16),
-          // 返回上一步
+          // 返回上一步 (MPC 模式下不显示，因为账号已创建)
+          if (!widget.isMpcMode)
            GestureDetector(
              onTap: _goBack,
              child: const Text(
@ -552,4 +693,10 @@ class _BackupMnemonicPageState extends ConsumerState<BackupMnemonicPage> {
      ),
    );
  }
+
+  /// MPC 模式下直接进入应用
+  void _enterApp() {
+    // 跳转到主页
+    context.go(RoutePaths.ranking);
+  }
 }
--- a/frontend/mobile-app/lib/features/auth/presentation/pages/onboarding_page.dart
+++ b/frontend/mobile-app/lib/features/auth/presentation/pages/onboarding_page.dart
@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import 'package:flutter_riverpod/flutter_riverpod.dart';
 import 'package:go_router/go_router.dart';
 import '../../../../routes/route_paths.dart';
 import '../../../../routes/app_router.dart';
+import '../../../../core/di/injection_container.dart';
+import '../../../../core/services/account_service.dart';

 /// 创建账号页面 - 用户首次进入应用时的引导页面
 /// 提供创建钱包和导入助记词两种选项
@ -19,51 +21,70 @@ class _OnboardingPageState extends ConsumerState<OnboardingPage> {
  bool _isAgreed = false;
  // 创建钱包加载状态
  bool _isCreating = false;
+  // 错误信息
+  String? _errorMessage;

-  /// 创建钱包并跳转到备份助记词页面
+  /// 创建钱包并跳转到备份页面
+  ///
+  /// 调用后端 API 使用 MPC 2-of-3 协议生成钱包地址
  Future<void> _createWallet() async {
    if (!_isAgreed) {
      _showAgreementTip();
      return;
    }

-    setState(() => _isCreating = true);
+    setState(() {
+      _isCreating = true;
+      _errorMessage = null;
+    });

    try {
-      // TODO: 实现真正的钱包创建逻辑 (bip39)
-      // 这里模拟生成钱包的过程
-      await Future.delayed(const Duration(seconds: 2));
+      // 获取 AccountService
+      final accountService = ref.read(accountServiceProvider);

-      // 模拟生成的助记词 (12个单词)
-      final mockMnemonicWords = [
-        'apple', 'banana', 'cherry', 'date',
-        'elder', 'fig', 'grape', 'honey',
-        'kiwi', 'lemon', 'mango', 'nectar',
-      ];
-
-      // 模拟生成的钱包地址
-      const mockKavaAddress = '0x1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef12345678';
-      const mockDstAddress = '0xABCDEF1234567890abcdef1234567890ABCDEFGH';
-      const mockBscAddress = '0x9876543210zyxwvu9876543210zyxwvu98765432';
-      const mockSerialNumber = '12345678';
+      // 调用后端 API 创建账号
+      debugPrint('开始创建账号...');
+      final response = await accountService.createAccount();
+      debugPrint('账号创建成功: 序列号=${response.accountSequence}');

      if (!mounted) return;

-      // 跳转到备份助记词页面
+      // MPC 模式下，检查是否有客户端分片数据
+      // 如果有分片数据，需要提示用户妥善保管
+      final hasMpcData = response.clientShareData != null &&
+          response.clientShareData!.isNotEmpty;
+
+      // 跳转到钱包创建成功页面
      context.push(
        RoutePaths.backupMnemonic,
        extra: BackupMnemonicParams(
-          mnemonicWords: mockMnemonicWords,
-          kavaAddress: mockKavaAddress,
-          dstAddress: mockDstAddress,
-          bscAddress: mockBscAddress,
-          serialNumber: mockSerialNumber,
+          // MPC 模式下助记词为空，显示账号信息即可
+          mnemonicWords: response.mnemonic?.isNotEmpty == true
+              ? response.mnemonic!.split(' ')
+              : [], // MPC 模式下为空
+          kavaAddress: response.walletAddresses.kava,
+          dstAddress: response.walletAddresses.dst,
+          bscAddress: response.walletAddresses.bsc,
+          serialNumber: response.accountSequence.toString(),
+          referralCode: response.referralCode,
+          publicKey: response.publicKey,
+          isMpcMode: hasMpcData, // 标记是否为 MPC 模式
        ),
      );
    } catch (e) {
+      debugPrint('创建账号失败: $e');
      if (!mounted) return;
+
+      setState(() {
+        _errorMessage = e.toString();
+      });
+
      ScaffoldMessenger.of(context).showSnackBar(
-        SnackBar(content: Text('创建钱包失败: $e')),
+        SnackBar(
+          content: Text('创建账号失败: ${e.toString().replaceAll('Exception: ', '')}'),
+          backgroundColor: Colors.red,
+          duration: const Duration(seconds: 5),
+        ),
      );
    } finally {
      if (mounted) {
--- a/frontend/mobile-app/lib/routes/app_router.dart
+++ b/frontend/mobile-app/lib/routes/app_router.dart
@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ class BackupMnemonicParams {
  final String dstAddress;
  final String bscAddress;
  final String serialNumber;
+  final String? referralCode;      // 推荐码
+  final String? publicKey;          // MPC 公钥
+  final bool isMpcMode;             // 是否为 MPC 模式

  BackupMnemonicParams({
    required this.mnemonicWords,
@ -34,6 +37,9 @@ class BackupMnemonicParams {
    required this.dstAddress,
    required this.bscAddress,
    required this.serialNumber,
+    this.referralCode,
+    this.publicKey,
+    this.isMpcMode = false,
  });
 }

@ -94,6 +100,9 @@ final appRouterProvider = Provider<GoRouter>((ref) {
            dstAddress: params.dstAddress,
            bscAddress: params.bscAddress,
            serialNumber: params.serialNumber,
+            referralCode: params.referralCode,
+            publicKey: params.publicKey,
+            isMpcMode: params.isMpcMode,
          );
        },
      ),
--- a/frontend/temp_backup/README.MD
+++ b/frontend/temp_backup/README.MD
--- a/frontend/temp_backup/RWADURIAN-ADMIN-WEB-SPEC.md
+++ b/frontend/temp_backup/RWADURIAN-ADMIN-WEB-SPEC.md