diff --git a/backend/services/referral-service/src/application/event-handlers/user-registered.handler.ts b/backend/services/referral-service/src/application/event-handlers/user-registered.handler.ts
index f4ff3307..3402ec61 100644
--- a/backend/services/referral-service/src/application/event-handlers/user-registered.handler.ts
+++ b/backend/services/referral-service/src/application/event-handlers/user-registered.handler.ts
@@ -88,6 +88,7 @@ export class UserRegisteredHandler implements OnModuleInit {
         `Failed to create referral relationship for accountSequence=${payload.accountSequence}:`,
         error,
       );
+      throw error; // 传播异常，让 Kafka 重试
     }
   }
 }
diff --git a/backend/services/referral-service/src/infrastructure/messaging/kafka.service.ts b/backend/services/referral-service/src/infrastructure/messaging/kafka.service.ts
index e3703b04..95d3e4a9 100644
--- a/backend/services/referral-service/src/infrastructure/messaging/kafka.service.ts
+++ b/backend/services/referral-service/src/infrastructure/messaging/kafka.service.ts
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ export class KafkaService implements OnModuleInit, OnModuleDestroy {
           }
         } catch (error) {
           this.logger.error(`Error processing message from ${topic}:`, error);
+          throw error; // 让 KafkaJS 知道处理失败，触发重试
         }
       },
     });