562 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
562 lines
18 KiB
Markdown
# Genex Chain 区块链开发指南
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> 自建EVM兼容应用链 + 智能合约体系
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---
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## 1. 链架构总览
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| 组件 | 技术选型 | 说明 |
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|------|---------|------|
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| **链框架** | Cosmos SDK（最新版本） | 200+生产链验证，模块化 |
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| **共识引擎** | CometBFT（原Tendermint） | 拜占庭容错，**即时终结性** |
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| **EVM模块** | **cosmos/evm**（官方Cosmos EVM） | Apache 2.0，替代已弃用的Ethermint |
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| **跨链通信** | IBC | Cosmos生态原生跨链协议 |
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| **跨链桥** | Axelar（主）/ Wormhole（备） | 稳定币从Ethereum桥入 |
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| **撮合架构** | 链下内存订单簿 + 链上结算 | 参考dYdX v4 |
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### 参考链
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| 链 | 价值 | 关键参考 |
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|----|------|---------|
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| **Cronos** | Cosmos SDK + EVM最成熟实现 | <1s出块、Block-STM并行执行 |
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| **dYdX v4** | 交易平台专用链标杆 | 链下订单簿+链上结算 |
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| **Injective** | 金融应用Layer-1 | 链上CLOB、机构级合规 |
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---
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## 2. 链设计参数
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| 参数 | 目标值 |
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|------|--------|
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| 共识机制 | CometBFT PoS（初期平台运营验证节点） |
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| EVM兼容 | 完全兼容（Solidity、Hardhat、MetaMask全套工具链） |
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| 出块时间 | **≤ 1秒**（CometBFT即时终结性） |
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| TPS | ≥ 5,000（Block-STM并行执行） |
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| Gas策略 | 平台前期全额补贴，用户零Gas |
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| 原生代币 | GNX（Gas + 治理；前期Gas补贴，用户不接触） |
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| 节点运营 | 平台自营验证节点 + 未来开放合格机构节点 |
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| 跨链 | IBC连接Cosmos生态 + Axelar桥连接Ethereum |
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### 为什么自建链
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| 维度 | 公链/L2 | Genex Chain |
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|------|---------|-------------|
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| Gas控制 | 受市场波动 | 平台完全控制，可设为零 |
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| 合规执行 | 链层面无法强制 | 链级OFAC/Travel Rule内置 |
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| 性能调优 | 共享资源 | 独享资源，针对券业务优化 |
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| 升级自主 | 依赖链治理 | 平台自主决定升级 |
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| 数据主权 | 完全公开 | 可控可见性 |
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| 监管对接 | 难以定制 | 专属节点/API |
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---
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## 3. 开发环境搭建
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### 3.1 前置依赖
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```bash
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# Go 1.21+
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go version
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# Node.js 20+（合约开发工具）
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node --version
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# Foundry（合约开发框架）
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curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash
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foundryup
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# Cosmos SDK CLI
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go install cosmossdk.io/tools/cosmovisor/cmd/cosmovisor@latest
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```
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### 3.2 Genex Chain本地开发
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```bash
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# 克隆Genex Chain仓库
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git clone https://git.gogenex.com/genex-chain.git
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cd genex-chain
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# 编译
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make build
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# 初始化本地测试链
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./genexd init test-node --chain-id genex-localnet
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# 创建创世账户
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./genexd keys add validator
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./genexd genesis add-genesis-account validator 1000000000ugnx
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# 启动本地节点
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./genexd start
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```
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### 3.3 合约开发环境
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```bash
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# 创建合约工程
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mkdir genex-contracts && cd genex-contracts
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# 使用Foundry初始化
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forge init
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# 项目结构
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genex-contracts/
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├── src/
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│ ├── CouponFactory.sol
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│ ├── Coupon.sol
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│ ├── Settlement.sol
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│ ├── Redemption.sol
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│ ├── Treasury.sol
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│ ├── Compliance.sol
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│ └── Governance.sol
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├── test/
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│ ├── CouponFactory.t.sol
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│ ├── Settlement.t.sol
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│ └── ...
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├── script/
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│ └── Deploy.s.sol
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└── foundry.toml
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```
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---
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## 4. 智能合约体系（7合约系统）
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### 4.1 合约架构
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Governance（治理） │
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│ Gas参数调整 | 紧急冻结多签 | 合约升级管理 │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ │
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│ ┌──────────────┐ ┌───────────────────┐ │
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│ │CouponFactory │ │ Compliance │ │
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│ │ 券发行工厂 │ │ OFAC筛查 │ │
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│ │ 铸造+类型标记 │ │ Travel Rule │ │
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│ └──────┬───────┘ │ 紧急冻结 │ │
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│ │ └───────────────────┘ │
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│ ┌──────┴───────┐ │
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│ │ Coupon │ ┌───────────────────┐ │
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│ │ ERC-721/1155 │ │ Treasury │ │
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│ │ 所有权+转移 │ │ 资金托管 │ │
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│ └──────┬───────┘ │ 退款原子交换 │ │
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│ │ └───────────────────┘ │
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│ ┌──────┴───────────────────────┐ │
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│ │ │ │
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│ │ Settlement Redemption │ │
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│ │ 交易结算 兑付清算 │ │
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│ │ 原子交换 券销毁 │ │
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│ └──────────────────────────────┘ │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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### 4.2 CouponFactory — 券发行工厂
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```solidity
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
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pragma solidity ^0.8.20;
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import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/proxy/utils/Initializable.sol";
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import "@openzeppelin/contracts-upgradeable/access/AccessControlUpgradeable.sol";
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contract CouponFactory is Initializable, AccessControlUpgradeable {
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enum CouponType { Utility, Security }
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struct CouponConfig {
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CouponType couponType; // 券类型（铸造后不可更改）
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bool transferable; // 是否可转让
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uint8 maxResaleCount; // 最大转售次数（Utility默认2-3）
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uint256 maxPrice; // 价格上限（Utility = 面值）
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uint256 expiryDate; // 到期日
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uint256 minPurchase; // 最低消费金额
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bool stackable; // 是否可叠加
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bytes32[] allowedStores; // 限定门店
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}
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event CouponBatchMinted(
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address indexed issuer,
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uint256 indexed batchId,
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uint256 faceValue,
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uint256 quantity,
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CouponType couponType
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);
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function mintBatch(
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address issuer,
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uint256 faceValue,
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uint256 quantity,
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CouponConfig calldata config
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) external onlyRole(MINTER_ROLE) returns (uint256[] memory tokenIds) {
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// MVP阶段只允许Utility类型
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require(config.couponType == CouponType.Utility, "Only Utility Track in MVP");
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// Utility Track强制：价格上限 = 面值
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if (config.couponType == CouponType.Utility) {
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require(config.maxPrice <= faceValue, "Utility: maxPrice <= faceValue");
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require(config.expiryDate <= block.timestamp + 365 days, "Utility: max 12 months");
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}
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// 铸造逻辑
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tokenIds = _mintTokens(issuer, faceValue, quantity, config);
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emit CouponBatchMinted(issuer, batchId, faceValue, quantity, config.couponType);
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}
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}
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```
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### 4.3 Settlement — 交易结算
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```solidity
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contract Settlement is Initializable, AccessControlUpgradeable {
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ICoupon public couponContract;
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IERC20 public stablecoin; // USDC
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ICompliance public compliance;
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event TradeSettled(
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uint256 indexed tokenId,
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address indexed buyer,
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address indexed seller,
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uint256 price
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);
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/// @notice 原子交换：券 ↔ 稳定币 同时转移
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function executeSwap(
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uint256 tokenId,
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address buyer,
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address seller,
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uint256 price
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) external onlyRole(SETTLER_ROLE) {
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// 合规检查
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require(!compliance.isBlacklisted(buyer), "Buyer blacklisted");
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require(!compliance.isBlacklisted(seller), "Seller blacklisted");
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// Utility Track: 价格 ≤ 面值
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CouponConfig memory config = couponContract.getConfig(tokenId);
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if (config.couponType == CouponType.Utility) {
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require(price <= config.maxPrice, "Utility: price exceeds face value");
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}
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// 转售次数检查
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require(
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couponContract.getResaleCount(tokenId) < config.maxResaleCount,
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"Max resale count exceeded"
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);
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// 原子交换（要么全部成功，要么全部回滚）
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stablecoin.transferFrom(buyer, seller, price);
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couponContract.safeTransferFrom(seller, buyer, tokenId);
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couponContract.incrementResaleCount(tokenId);
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emit TradeSettled(tokenId, buyer, seller, price);
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}
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/// @notice 退款：反向原子交换
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function executeRefund(
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uint256 tokenId,
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address buyer,
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address seller,
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uint256 refundAmount
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) external onlyRole(SETTLER_ROLE) {
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couponContract.safeTransferFrom(buyer, seller, tokenId);
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stablecoin.transferFrom(seller, buyer, refundAmount);
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}
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}
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```
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### 4.4 Redemption — 兑付合约
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```solidity
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contract Redemption is Initializable {
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ICoupon public couponContract;
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event CouponRedeemed(
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uint256 indexed tokenId,
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address indexed consumer,
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address indexed issuer,
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bytes32 storeId
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);
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/// @notice 消费者直接与发行方结算，平台不介入
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function redeem(
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uint256 tokenId,
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bytes32 storeId
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) external {
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require(couponContract.ownerOf(tokenId) == msg.sender, "Not owner");
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CouponConfig memory config = couponContract.getConfig(tokenId);
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// 验证到期
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require(block.timestamp <= config.expiryDate, "Coupon expired");
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// 验证门店限定
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if (config.allowedStores.length > 0) {
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require(_isAllowedStore(storeId, config.allowedStores), "Store not allowed");
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}
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// 销毁券（burn）
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couponContract.burn(tokenId);
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// 通知发行方（event），平台不介入消费数据
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emit CouponRedeemed(tokenId, msg.sender, config.issuer, storeId);
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}
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}
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```
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### 4.5 Compliance — 合规合约
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```solidity
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contract Compliance is Initializable, AccessControlUpgradeable {
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mapping(address => bool) private _blacklist; // OFAC黑名单
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/// @notice OFAC筛查
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function isBlacklisted(address account) external view returns (bool) {
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return _blacklist[account];
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}
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/// @notice Travel Rule（≥$3,000强制）
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function recordTravelRule(
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address sender,
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address receiver,
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bytes32 senderInfoHash, // 身份信息哈希（明文链下保存）
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bytes32 receiverInfoHash
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) external {
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emit TravelRuleRecorded(sender, receiver, senderInfoHash, receiverInfoHash);
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}
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/// @notice 紧急冻结（需Governance多签）
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function freezeAccount(address account) external onlyRole(GOVERNANCE_ROLE) {
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_blacklist[account] = true;
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emit AccountFrozen(account);
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}
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}
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```
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### 4.6 Governance — 治理合约
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```solidity
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contract Governance is Initializable {
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uint256 public constant REQUIRED_SIGNATURES = 3; // 3/5多签
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uint256 public constant TIMELOCK = 48 hours; // 时间锁
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uint256 public constant EMERGENCY_TIMELOCK = 4 hours;
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struct Proposal {
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bytes callData;
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address target;
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uint256 executeAfter;
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uint256 approvalCount;
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bool executed;
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mapping(address => bool) approvals;
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}
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function propose(address target, bytes calldata data) external onlyMultisig {
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// 创建提案，设置时间锁
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}
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function approve(uint256 proposalId) external onlyMultisig {
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// 审批提案
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}
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function execute(uint256 proposalId) external {
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Proposal storage p = proposals[proposalId];
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require(p.approvalCount >= REQUIRED_SIGNATURES, "Not enough approvals");
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require(block.timestamp >= p.executeAfter, "Timelock not expired");
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require(!p.executed, "Already executed");
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p.executed = true;
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(bool success,) = p.target.call(p.callData);
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require(success, "Execution failed");
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}
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}
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```
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---
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## 5. 合约升级策略
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**模式：Transparent Proxy（透明代理）**
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```
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用户/前端 → Proxy合约（地址不变）→ Implementation合约（可替换）
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```
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**升级流程：**
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```
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发起升级提案 → 多签审批（3/5）→ 时间锁48h → 自动执行
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↓
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紧急通道：4/5多签 → 4h时间锁
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```
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**不可升级的逻辑（安全红线）：**
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- 券类型标记（Utility/Security）— 不可修改
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- 所有权记录 — 不可被升级篡改
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- 链上转售计数器 — 防止绕过Utility Track限制
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---
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## 6. 链级合规能力
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| 能力 | 实现 |
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|------|------|
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| 链级OFAC过滤 | 验证节点拒绝处理制裁地址交易 |
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| 链级Travel Rule | 大额转移必须携带身份哈希，否则拒绝打包 |
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| 链级监控 | 节点内置异常交易检测模块 |
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| 监管API | 监管机构专属只读API |
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| 紧急冻结 | Governance多签冻结涉案地址 |
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---
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## 7. Gas费策略
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### 前期（全额补贴）
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| 操作 | Gas承担方 |
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|------|----------|
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| 券发行（铸造） | 平台补贴 |
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| 一级/二级市场交易 | 平台补贴 |
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| P2P转移 | 平台补贴 |
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| 券兑付（消费） | 平台补贴 |
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> 自建链Gas = 平台运营成本（服务器/节点），非公链ETH支付。
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### 技术实现
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```toml
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# 创世配置
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[app_state.evm.params]
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min_gas_price = "0"
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# 或使用ERC-4337 Paymaster
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```
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Gas参数通过Governance合约动态调整（无需硬分叉）。
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---
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## 8. 测试策略
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### 8.1 合约测试（Foundry）
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```solidity
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// test/Settlement.t.sol
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contract SettlementTest is Test {
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Settlement settlement;
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MockCoupon coupon;
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MockERC20 usdc;
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function setUp() public {
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usdc = new MockERC20("USDC", "USDC", 6);
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coupon = new MockCoupon();
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settlement = new Settlement();
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settlement.initialize(address(coupon), address(usdc));
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}
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function test_UtilityCannotExceedFaceValue() public {
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// 面值100的Utility券，尝试以110价格交易，应被拒绝
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vm.expectRevert("Utility: price exceeds face value");
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settlement.executeSwap(tokenId, buyer, seller, 110e6);
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}
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function test_AtomicSwapSuccess() public {
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// 正常交易：券和稳定币同时转移
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settlement.executeSwap(tokenId, buyer, seller, 85e6);
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assertEq(coupon.ownerOf(tokenId), buyer);
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assertEq(usdc.balanceOf(seller), 85e6);
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}
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function test_RefundReverseSwap() public {
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// 退款：反向原子交换
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settlement.executeRefund(tokenId, buyer, seller, 85e6);
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assertEq(coupon.ownerOf(tokenId), seller);
|
||
assertEq(usdc.balanceOf(buyer), 85e6);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 8.2 测试覆盖要求
|
||
|
||
| 测试类型 | 覆盖 |
|
||
|---------|------|
|
||
| 单元测试 | 每个合约函数 |
|
||
| Fuzz测试 | 价格边界、数量溢出 |
|
||
| 集成测试 | 完整发行→交易→核销流程 |
|
||
| Gas优化 | 批量操作Gas消耗 |
|
||
| 安全审计 | 第三方审计（上线前必须） |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 9. 部署流程
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# 部署到本地测试链
|
||
forge script script/Deploy.s.sol --rpc-url http://localhost:8545 --broadcast
|
||
|
||
# 部署到Genex Chain测试网
|
||
forge script script/Deploy.s.sol \
|
||
--rpc-url https://testnet-rpc.gogenex.com \
|
||
--broadcast \
|
||
--verify
|
||
|
||
# 部署到Genex Chain主网（需多签审批）
|
||
forge script script/Deploy.s.sol \
|
||
--rpc-url https://rpc.gogenex.com \
|
||
--broadcast \
|
||
--verify \
|
||
--etherscan-api-key $GENEX_EXPLORER_KEY
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### 合约验证
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
forge verify-contract \
|
||
--chain-id 8888 \
|
||
--compiler-version v0.8.20 \
|
||
$CONTRACT_ADDRESS \
|
||
src/CouponFactory.sol:CouponFactory
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 10. GCFN全球清算节点架构
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||
│ Global Coupon Financial Network (GCFN) │
|
||
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||
│ ROOT NODE │
|
||
│ (US / Global Hub) │
|
||
│ 全球路由 | 跨境清算 | 合规协调 │
|
||
├──────────────┬──────────────┬───────────────┤
|
||
│ ASIA-PACIFIC │ EMEA │ AMERICAS │
|
||
├──────────────┼──────────────┼───────────────┤
|
||
│ 新加坡(MAS) │ 伦敦(FCA) │ 美国(FinCEN) │
|
||
│ 香港(SFC) │ 法兰克福 │ │
|
||
│ 日本(FSA) │ (BaFin) │ │
|
||
└──────────────┴──────────────┴───────────────┘
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
| 节点类型 | 职责 |
|
||
|---------|------|
|
||
| 根节点 | 全球路由、跨境清算、主验证节点 |
|
||
| 区域节点 | 区域清算、监管报送、本地化 |
|
||
| 本地节点 | 用户服务、本地支付、法规遵从 |
|
||
| 监管节点 | 只读审计、实时监控 |
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
## 11. 安全规范
|
||
|
||
- 所有合约上线前必须通过第三方安全审计
|
||
- 核心合约采用Transparent Proxy部署
|
||
- 升级需3/5多签 + 48小时时间锁
|
||
- Bug Bounty计划：严重漏洞奖励$10K-$100K
|
||
- MPC/HSM密钥管理
|
||
- 合约代码开源并在区块浏览器验证
|
||
|
||
---
|
||
|
||
*文档版本: v1.0*
|
||
*基于: Genex 券交易平台 - 软件需求规格说明书 v4.1 + 技术架构开发需求 v3.0*
|
||
*技术栈: Cosmos SDK + cosmos/evm + CometBFT + Solidity + Foundry*
|